Sociological conceptualizations of compassion fatigue: Expanding our understanding

Compassion fatigue has been primarily studied at the micro level and framed as a psychological “personal trouble” that results from one's personality traits, demographic characteristics, or life and work stressors. In addition, compassion fatigue is used to predict other psychological outcomes such as burnout, depersonalization, and stress. This literature on compassion fatigue has been reviewed, in order to illustrate areas where sociologists can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon. In this article we conceptualize compassion fatigue as a sociological concept and overview the potential ways that sociological approaches can enhance our understanding. We draw on the literatures of emotion work, social exchange theory, and macrolevel sociological theories to facilitate the use of compassion fatigue from a sociological perspective. For example, we use concepts such as social integration and anomie to stimulate thinking about rates of compassion fatigue.     

Normlessness,Anomie, and the Emotions

In Suicide, Durkheim described two qualitatively different experiences of normative anomie, each with a distinct affective basis: an intentional, if not ruthless, disdain for society's normative order; and an unintentional disregard for, or confusion about, norms or rules of conduct. We generalize Durkheim's classification of the socioaffective aspects of anomic suicide, and present two theoretical models of normlessness‐anomie and the emotions. These models posit that intentional anomie involves the primary emotions anger, disgust, and joy‐happiness; these emotions can combine to form the secondary emotions contempt, pride, and derisiveness. Unintentional, passive anomie rather involves the emotions surprise, fear, and sadness; these can combine to form the secondary emotions disappointment, shame, and alarm. We additionally hypothesize that each kind of anomie has distinct potential behavioral consequences: intentional anomie can result in immorality, shamelessness, acquisitiveness, and premeditated homicidality; unintentional anomie, in depression, confusion, uncertainty, unpremeditated homicidality, and suicidality.     

国产电视剧传播伦理的失范及纠偏对策

电视剧传播伦理平衡的原则包括传播伦理与社会责任相统一、经济效益与社会效益相统一。随着我国电视剧的市场化,我国电视剧传播伦理出现失范现象,主要表现为在热播的电视剧中充斥着暴力、犯罪、性的内容以及偶像剧对社会规范传播的不当示范,给社会带来了许多负面影响。借鉴韩剧传播伦理规范,结合实际,我国电视剧传播伦理的纠偏对策可从三方面入手:加强媒体自律,改进政府监督方式,提高受众媒介素养。     

论企业法人人格失范的伦理治理

法人"人格化"建设对于规范法人组织行为和完善现代公司治理制度具有十分重要的意义。有关法人人格失范问题一直是法学界和管理学界关注的热点问题。首先,对法人人格失范的动因和法人人格失范的概念做出界定,拓展法律意义上法人人格的涵义;其次,指出公司治理应加强企业法人"人格化"建设和规范法人的组织行为;最后,提出企业法人人格失范的伦理治理路径。     

大学生网络行为失范探析

大学生网络行为失范的主要类型有网络成瘾、网络侵权、网络犯罪,其原因主要为:网络环境的开放虚拟、行为主体的道德偏差、高校德育的薄弱滞后;大学生网络行为失范的对策有加强网络法制、深化网络德育、引导主体自律。     

Understanding the devaluation of vulnerable groups: A novel application of Institutional Anomie Theory

Prejudices legitimize the discrimination against groups by declaring them to be of unequal, especially of less, worth. This legitimizing power is highly relevant in social conflicts of modern societies that are governed by market-oriented value systems. However, prejudice research has yet to be linked to sociological discourses on the marketization of society. We argue that Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT), a theory originally developed to explain crime rates, offers a fruitful macro-sociological framework for a better understanding of micro-social prejudices that emerge along with processes of marketization. Extending IAT to explain prejudices in a German study based on survey data offers a first attempt to underpin our theoretical hypotheses with empirical data. Although the results need to be interpreted with due caution, they suggest that the extended IAT model can be usefully applied to explain how a marketized mentality is related to different forms of institutional integration, and how it is conducive to specific prejudices that emerge in market-dominated societies against purported economically burdening social groups.     

英国教师教育惩戒权及其对我国的启示

一度盛行的体罚遭到批判后,英国先后在不同学校废除了体罚。体罚被废除后,英国学生的不良行为日益严重,教师却不敢教育惩戒行为失范学生。后经过充分调研,英国政府开始出台法律与政策正式赋予教师教育惩戒权,并确保其顺利实施。目前,我国不少教师因缺少相关的法律支持、学生及家长对教师教育惩戒的不实指控以及家长对教师教育惩戒权的不支持等,不敢也不愿教育惩戒行为失范学生。英国在完善教师教育惩戒权相关法律法规、制定相应实施细则,慎重调查指控、保障教师权益,加强家校联系、赢得家长支持等方面的有效做法和成功经验,为我国有效解决教师不敢教育惩戒行为失范学生这一问题提供了有益参考。     

基于利益表达的农民工行为失范的制度解释

长期城乡二元结构户籍管理的体制性障碍和政府的一系列屏蔽政策造成了农民工恶劣的生存状况和低下的社会地位,司法解决的不切实际性,社会支持的缺失堵塞了制度化的利益表达渠道,行为失范成为＂弱者的武器＂。要从根本上解决农民工遭受的种种不公平问题,就必须打破二元经济结构,在推进政策范式的转变方面加大力度。     

农地流转中政府行为失范的成因及对策探究

正是政府的积极引导和扶持,推进了农地流转的开展,但伴随着农地流转的深入实施,政府在农地流转中的失范行为也逐渐显现。对当前农地流转中政府失范行为的主要表现及其产生原因进行了分析探讨,提出完善农地流转相关法律法规、增强政府部门公共服务职能、健全土地管理监督约束机制等举措,以推进政府行为的完善,促进农地流转的有序发展,保障农民的切身利益。     

试论政府信用建设的基本问题

政府信用是社会信用的核心与基础,是社会信用体系建设的关键。加强信用建设不仅能巩固政府的执政地位,降低政府运作成本,带动政府与公众的良性互动,而且对培育健康的市场发展环境具有非常重要的作用和意义。然而,现阶段广泛存在的政府失信现象将会造成政府失效乃至政府失败,严重影响政府在公众心目中的形象。必须依靠转变政府职能、完善相关法律、健全决策机制、严厉打击腐败等来加强信用建设,提高政府的公信力。