国际货物买卖合同法律适用问题分析

国际货物买卖合同双方当事人可以协议选择有关国际公约、国际惯例以及某一国或某几国的国内法为合同的准据法。若当事人选择的准据法不是一个完整的合同法律体系,应允许当事人再次选择,这样才能更好地体现意思自治原则。在一般情况下,若当事人选择了《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》为合同的准据法,合同的准据法就有可能不是单一的,同时还可能会有国际惯例或国内法为合同的准据法。国际货物买卖合同法律适用问题的复杂性应引起我们的注意。     

税收筹划——实现财务管理目标的有效途径

企业税收筹划是实现财务管理目标的一个有效途径,它已有机地融入了企业经营管理的全过程,应从企业的投资、筹资、日常经营及利润分配等方面加强并搞好税收筹划工作。     

农业院校计算机应用课程教学改革与实践

主要讨论如何调整“计算机应用”课程教学的内容、改进教学方法,促进计算机应用教学的发展与教学质量的提高,满足社会 需求,培养合格的科学技术人才。     

知识管理及其在图书馆应用中的研究

文章阐述了知识管理的概念、内涵,简要地分析了知识管理在图书馆的应用,以及知识管理对图书馆发展所产生的积极作用。     

管理沟通在高校图书馆工作中的应用

高校图书馆在高校师生心目中应有极其重要的位置,在高校的教学、科研工作中应有极其重要的作用,但现实与期望总会有一定的差距。面对差距,高校图书馆内部应充分应用管理沟通的原理与方法,作好图书馆领导层与馆员之间、馆员与馆员之间以及馆员与读者之间的沟通和交流,处理好与各方的关系,弥补来自各方的认识偏差和自身工作的不足,提升高校图书馆的声望与地位。     

体育游戏在体育教学中的运用

在体育教学中,不仅要根据学生的兴趣、爱好合理地选择教学内容,还要在组织教法上加强以趣味性和娱乐性相结合的体育游戏的运用,以此来丰富教学内容,完善教学方法,提高学生学习的积极性和效果.     

论言语得体与语言模糊性

言语得体是语言的最高原则,模糊语言的使用可使语言表达更自然、得体,更能表情达意,并取得更好的交际效果。言语的得体是相对性的,人们的言语交际是一个复杂的动态的开放系统。对言语得体与语言模糊性问题的研究,无论在理论和实践上都有十分重要的意义。从言语得体的必要性和语言模糊性,探讨言语得体和模糊语言的应用,提出了为使表达得体人们在交际中应遵循的原则。     

责任会计推广应用难的成因及解决对策

介绍了责任会计在我国会计领域的应用情况,指出在我国企业中没有得到普遍应用的具体原因。并明确提出了深化会计改革必须“建立以责任会计为主要形式的企业会计管理体系”的发展思路。结合我国现阶段经济发展的现状,提出了一些合理化的建议和措施。     

Residual analysis for spatial point processes (with discussion)

Summary.  We define residuals for point process models fitted to spatial point pattern data, and we propose diagnostic plots based on them. The residuals apply to any point process model that has a conditional intensity; the model may exhibit spatial heterogeneity, interpoint interaction and dependence on spatial covariates. Some existing ad hoc methods for model checking (quadrat counts, scan statistic, kernel smoothed intensity and Berman's diagnostic) are recovered as special cases. Diagnostic tools are developed systematically, by using an analogy between our spatial residuals and the usual residuals for (non-spatial) generalized linear models. The conditional intensity λ plays the role of the mean response. This makes it possible to adapt existing knowledge about model validation for generalized linear models to the spatial point process context, giving recommendations for diagnostic plots. A plot of smoothed residuals against spatial location, or against a spatial covariate, is effective in diagnosing spatial trend or co-variate effects. Q – Q -plots of the residuals are effective in diagnosing interpoint interaction.     

An individual measure of relative survival

Summary.  Relative survival techniques are used to compare survival experience in a study cohort with that expected if background population rates apply. The techniques are especially useful when cause-specific death information is not accurate or not available as they provide a measure of excess mortality in a group of patients with a certain disease. Whereas these methods are based on group comparisons, we present here a transformation approach which instead gives for each individual an outcome measure relative to the appropriate background population. The new outcome measure is easily interpreted and can be analysed by using standard survival analysis techniques. It provides additional information on relative survival and gives new options in regression analysis. For example, one can estimate the proportion of patients who survived longer than a given percentile of the respective general population or compare survival experience of individuals while accounting for the population differences. The regression models for the new outcome measure are different from existing models, thus providing new possibilities in analysing relative survival data. One distinctive feature of our approach is that we adjust for expected survival before modelling. The paper is motivated by a study into the survival of patients after acute myocardial infarction.