凌纯声先生的赫哲族田野调查--从现代中国实地调查研究的学术背景谈起

凌纯声先生1930年的赫哲族田野调查是中国民族学和人类学界一次科学的实地调查,具有开创性意义.本文从现代中国提倡和注重实地调查研究的学术背景来审视这次田野调查.上世纪20年代后,中国人文社会科学逐渐从吸收传播"西学"向研究中国历史、社会、民族文化转变,朝着"本土化"的方向努力,从而形成了提倡实地调查研究的学术风气,而且中国学者进行了多次学术实践.这次田野调查与那个时代的学术背景密切相关,并且体现出其学术背景.本文还论述了蔡元培先生与这次田野调查的密切关系.     

母语在藏族大学生识记中的作用

通过对藏族大学生在识记不同语言材料时表现出不同效果的分析,从信息加工的角度阐述了母语是识记的基础,是识记表象建立的关键,母语所反映的认知取向决定了识记的侧重点。     

论民族经济学的学科地位与作用

民族经济学于1979年创建,适应了中国多民族国家的国情与社会主义现代化建设需要,具有民族学与经济学的双重学科归属.这门由中国人自己创建的经济学分支学科,在学科理论建设、学术成果积累与专业人才培养方面取得了巨大成就.并通过不可取代的学科地位与鲜明的应用性特征,展现出民族经济学的发展前景.     

以目的与背景知识为双条件的逻辑AKC

首先,我们构造以目的和背景知识为双条件的条件句系统AKC,给出它的一些证明论结果。其次,我们引入有序邻域语义,给出描述AKC的特征公理和推理规则的框架条件,证明AKC相对这些框架条件是框架可靠的。最后,我们证明AKC相对这些框架条件也是框架完全的。     

Objective Bayesian analysis of counting experiments with correlated sources of background

Searches for faint signals in counting experiments are often encountered in particle physics and astrophysics, as well as in other fields. Many problems can be reduced to the case of a model with independent and Poisson-distributed signal and background. Often several background contributions are present at the same time, possibly correlated. We provide the analytic solution of the statistical inference problem of estimating the signal in the presence of multiple backgrounds, in the framework of objective Bayes statistics. The model can be written in the form of a product of a single Poisson distribution with a multinomial distribution. The first is related to the total number of events, whereas the latter describes the fraction of events coming from each individual source. Correlations among different backgrounds can be included in the inference problem by a suitable choice of the priors.     

The intersection of class origin and immigration background in structuring social capital: the role of transnational ties

The study investigates inequalities in access to social capital based on social class origin and immigration background and examines the role of transnational ties in explaining these differences. Social capital is measured with a position generator methodology that separates between national and transnational contacts in a sample of young adults in Sweden with three parental backgrounds: at least one parent born in Iran or Yugoslavia, or two Sweden‐born parents. The results show that having socioeconomically advantaged parents is associated with higher levels of social capital. Children of immigrants are found to have a greater access to social capital compared to individuals with native background, and the study shows that this is related to transnational contacts, parents’ education and social class in their country of origin. Children of immigrants tend to have more contacts abroad, while there is little difference in the amount of contacts living in Sweden across the three groups. It is concluded that knowledge about immigration group resources help us predict its member's social capital, but that the analysis also needs to consider how social class trajectories and migration jointly structure national and transnational contacts.     

阶级阶层形成的家庭背景作用

本文运用了美国学者赖特的新马克思主义者阶级分层的操作性架构,并结合中国的国情对该架构模型进行了修改.为了验证该模型的可行性,我们选择了上海、浙江、福建三地进行了调研.调研显示该模型较符合中国的国情,同时我们也发现了家庭背景对人们阶级阶层形成的影响与作用.     

解放战争时期党在解放区的土地政策探析

解放战争时期中国共产党在解放区的土地政策,是我们党的一项重要政策.根据当时的背景变化,党在解放区的土地政策经历了一个历史的演变过程,在中国革命和建设中做出了巨大历史贡献.     

Ability vs Background: An Analysis of the Distribution Mechanism of Higher Education Enrolment Opportunities

Individual education performance is usually influenced jointly by ability and background (family background). The relative share of these two factors forms the basic grounds for judgments of educational equity. Using sheaf coefficients, we compare the influence of these two mechanisms on the distribution of access to regular first degree higher education opportunities for institutions at different levels. Our findings show that both ability and family background have a marked influence. The higher the level of the institution, the greater the ability demanded of its students. The effect of family also increases significantly at this level, but ability always has a much stronger influence than family background. It can be seen that though family background is influential in the distribution of higher education opportunities in China today, ability fundamentally remains the dominant criterion, embodying the classic features of a meritocratic society “open to talent.”     

句式中介词结构漂移的语篇语用解释

句式具有语篇功能，语篇功能制约句法结构。文章主要考察了否定句、假设句、条件句、时间状语从句句中介词结构的分布，这些句式在语篇中具有非现实性，不在叙述的主线上，属于背景信息，具有低及物性的特点。介词结构在小句中的漂移受及物性决定，高及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词后，而低及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词前。通过溯因推理，介词结构在这些特殊句式中只能处在主谓之间，处在动词之后不合语法。研究发现，真实语篇语料的考察证实了这一推测。