球赛对大学生球迷认知发展的影响研究(二)——智力发展的积极影响

通过各类球赛对大学生球迷智力发展的积极影响研究与分析,球赛对不同大学生球迷的影响差异不具显著性,与学龄的增长、个人的努力程度、知识的积累以及教育、环境和实践活动等的影响有密切关系。球赛可以全面地培养大学生球迷的观察力和注意力、发展思维能力、记忆能力、启迪和诱导想象能力。     

博弈论政治学：主题、主体与主线——一种致力于促进政治学科学化的探索研究

政治学主题是时代发展的产物。政治学研究因为切入政治实践才显示出其蓬勃的生命力。政治学主题的形成取决于政治学主体的思维和活动,因为在很大程度上政治学是研究政治主体思维或行为及其政治制度的一门学科。在政治学主题牵引下,政治发展始终贯穿着一条政治权力与政治权利博弈的逻辑主线。提炼政治学主题、观察政治主体、把握政治主线成为当代政治科学研究的内在要求。作为一种将政治学科学化的尝试,博弈论政治学运用数理模型力求能够客观地描述人们的政治行为、解释政治现象,进而预测政治社会的发展变迁,促进经济社会实现科学发展。     

语言哲学视域的网络语言语码转换原因研究

网络语言的语码转换现象是语言变体在现代社会体现的重要表现。文章运用维特根斯坦后期哲学"语言游戏"论对网络言语语码转换的原因进行探究。语码转换的主要原因是网络语境以及教育语境。     

A Risk Assessment Scheme of Infection Transmission Indoors Incorporating the Impact of Resuspension

A new risk assessment scheme was developed to quantify the impact of resuspension to infection transmission indoors. Airborne and surface pathogenic particle concentration models including the effect of two major resuspension scenarios (airflow‐induced particle resuspension [AIPR] and walking‐induced particle resuspension [WIPR]) were derived based on two‐compartment mass balance models and validated against experimental data found in the literature. The inhalation exposure to pathogenic particles was estimated using the derived airborne concentration model, and subsequently incorporated into a dose‐response model to assess the infection risk. Using the proposed risk assessment scheme, the influences of resuspension towards indoor infection transmission were examined by two hypothetical case studies. In the case of AIPR, the infection risk increased from 0 to 0.54 during 0–0.5 hours and from 0.54 to 0.57 during 0.5–4 hours. In the case of WIPR, the infection risk increased from 0 to 0.87 during 0–0.5 hours and from 0.87 to 1 during 0.5–4 hours. Sensitivity analysis was conducted based on the design‐of‐experiments method and showed that the factors that are related to the inspiratory rate of viable pathogens and pathogen virulence have the most significant effect on the infection probability under the occurrence of AIPR and WIPR. The risk assessment scheme could serve as an effective tool for the risk assessment of infection transmission indoors.     

Using crowdsourced online experiments to study context-dependency of behavior

We use Mechanical Turk's diverse participant pool to conduct online bargaining games in India and the US. First, we assess internal validity of crowdsourced experimentation through variation of stakes ($0, $1, $4, and $10) in the Ultimatum and Dictator Game. For cross-country equivalence we adjust the stakes following differences in purchasing power. Our marginal totals correspond closely to laboratory findings. Monetary incentives induce more selfish behavior but, in line with most laboratory findings, the particular size of a positive stake appears irrelevant. Second, by transporting a homogeneous decision situation into various living conditions crowdsourced experimentation permits identification of context effects on elicited behavior. We explore context-dependency using session-level variation in participants' geographical location, regional affluence, and local social capital. Across “virtual pools” behavior varies in the range of stake effects. We argue that quasi-experimental variation of the characteristics people bring to the experimental situation is the key potential of crowdsourced online designs.     

Refuting the cliché of the distrustful manager

Although trust is fundamental to social and organizational functioning, the media often portray managers as distrusting, suggesting that distrust of others is a typical personality variable of successful leaders. This study puts the cliché of the distrustful manager to the test. Both self-report data (N = 32,926) and behavioral data (N = 924) from the German Socio-Economic Panel refute this cliché. Analyses reveal that individuals in managerial positions neither show a lower level of trust before, nor a systematic reduction in trust after attaining such positions. Moreover, analyses demonstrate that managers are generally more trusting than non-managers. This selection effect implies that individuals who trust others are more successful in achieving managerial positions than their less trusting counterparts.     

公平偏好对横纵向供应链定价及其绩效的影响

本文分别在纵向供应链与横向供应链中，研究了供应链成员具有公平偏好时的定价决策及其绩效表现。研究结果表明：在纵向供应链中，供应商或零售商具有公平偏好并进行Stackelberg博弈，批发价格契约能够满足供应商或零售商的公平偏好，此时整个供应链的利润最优，效率最高；在横向供应链中，处于相同供应链层级的制造商具有公平偏好并进行Cournot博弈，批发价格契约不能满足其公平偏好，但整个供应链的利润与绩效显著高于完全理性时的供应链利润与绩效。最后进行算例分析，并给出一些管理意义。     

Time to care: socioeconomic,family, and workplace factors in men and women’s parental leave use

ABSTRACT

Parental leave has important benefits for women, men, and families. This study examines how individual, family, and workplace factors are associated with the length of parental leaves taken by workers in diverse jobs and work contexts, but with the same employer, focusing on gender differences in the factors associated with longer parental leaves. The data are the result of a collaboration between university researchers and a municipal employer. We find that gender was a major driver of the duration of parental leaves for these workers, who must use their accumulated paid time off or take unpaid leave for parental leave; women’s leaves were almost three times longer than men’s. We also find gender differences in the factors associated with leave duration. For women, socioeconomic status seemed to matter most, while for men, family and workplace context influenced leave length. The results indicate the centrality of financial considerations in parents’ leave decisions, reinforcing the importance of having a dedicated paid parental leave policy. We argue that paid parental leaves would help reduce disparities between and within genders at work and in the family.     

Error variance bias in neighbour balance and evenness of distribution designs

Neighbour balance and evenness of distribution designs help to address user concerns in the two‐dimensional layout of agricultural field trials. This is done by minimising the occurrence of pairwise treatment plot neighbours and ensuring that the replications of treatments are spread out across rows and columns of a trial. Such considerations result in a restriction on the normal randomisation process for a row‐column design which can lead to error variance bias. In this paper, uniformity trial data is used to assess the degree of this bias for both resolvable and non‐resolvable designs. Comparisons are made with a similar investigation using Linear Variance spatial designs.     

讨价还价下供应链批发价格契约参数分析及实验研究

为实现供应链协调,避免双重边际化效应,提高供应链的核心竞争力,供应链契约设计尤为重要。在对批发价格契约研究进行了简要总结及分析讨价还价模型后,利用批发价格契约与讨价还价理论,进行了相关实验设计与研究。对批发价格契约中的典型参数分不讨价还价和讨价还价两种情况进行了建模,以批发价格契约为例,采用QT程序设计语言编程,以人-机对话方式模拟了供应商与零售商的交易过程,发现供应商和零售商的收益皆大于不讨价还价情况。