引导低碳消费的政策分析及工具选择

国内外的双重压力显示了中国发展低碳经济的迫切性,从高碳经济向低碳经济转型,引导低碳消费是有效途径。对此英国、法国、美国和日本引导低碳消费有绿色税收、法律规制、绿色采购、绿色购物等政策经验,在此基础上形成了自愿性、混合型、强制性3种政策工具,根据我国国情应该合理使用这3种政策工具。     

中国现代科技史上的一起重要事件--记20世纪60年代关于"积木式机床"的讨论

20世纪60年代初,哈尔滨工业大学部分教师所写的一篇文章,引起了当时的中共中央主席毛泽东的注意,他破例以<红旗>杂志编辑部的名义给作者写了一封亲笔信索稿.哈尔滨工业大学部分教师又写了一篇长文在<红旗>上刊出.由此,在中国机械工程界引发了一场热烈的讨论,产生了巨大的影响.这一事件说明国家领导人的态度,决定了国家的政策,也关系到许多重要问题.     

一种新型并联机床的最优轨迹规划

提出了一种新型并联机床的最优轨迹规划方法,其过程是在参数空间进行轨迹规划,再将参数空间的运动轨迹映射到关节空间。在轨迹规划中,以雅可比矩阵条件数的倒数作为适应度函数,利用遗传算法优化了并联机床的多余自由度。仿真计算结果表明:最优轨迹规划方法既能给出并联机床加工过程中的灵巧构型,又可使得并联机床获得平稳的运动性能。     

CBN刀具以车代磨加工淬硬钢的试验研究

本文通过ＣＢＮ刀具对淬硬钢的切削实验，分析了ＣＢＮ刀具以车代磨的条件及优越性，研究了刀具的磨损，指出以车代磨工艺的适用范围及推广价值。     

Mapping and managing productive organizational energy over time: The Energy Pattern Explorer tool

To strategically manage the deployment of collective human resources toward performance, managers must recognize, interpret, and align the volatile resources of productive organizational energy. Despite relevant prior work, research and practice still lack a comprehensive approach toward analyzing and managing energy patterns over time. We develop a framework for temporal configurations and prototypical trajectories of productive organizational energy. We then introduce the ‘Energy Pattern Explorer’ as a strategy tool to: (1) identify and predict actual patterns of productive organizational energy in organizations, and (2) suggest energy leadership activities specific to current and anticipated changes and patterns of productive organizational energy. We provide examples of how managers can use this tool and conclude with suggestions for research and practice.     

互联网经济中炒信行为的规制路径

互联网经济中的信任主要基于信誉生成，符号化的信誉等级起着配置市场资源的重要作用。为争夺有限的市场资源，商家出现刷单炒信等失信行为。以预防论观之，当下对炒信行为的规制存在诸多问题，主要体现为惩戒力度不大、查处概率低，导致威慑力不充分，无法有效阻吓潜在的炒信行为。造成这种问题的根本原因在于规制路径与边际成本低下的互联网经济不匹配，因此迫切需要创新规制形式。根据预防论的分析逻辑，在当下的规制框架中配套使用信用工具不仅可形成全面而充分的威慑，而且成本很低。信用工具的要义在于促使负面信息的高效流动和失信惩罚机制的完备，应建立整合信息归集、评级、公开、运用的信用制度系统，进而通过声誉制裁和失信联合惩罚制度形成合理的威慑和有效的阻吓。     

论“功能配置”与“公众期待”的对位效应及其满足条件——基于现代公共文化服务体系建设中工具激活的向度

现代公共文化服务体系建设命题是现场倒逼力量反向驱动的积极社会后果。现场倒逼力量形成的问题根源之一,在于传统公共文化服务网络结构中服务工具程度不同的功能失灵。基于历史条件和当时社会发展水平给予"标准配置"的那些基本工具,就整体情况而言处于"去功能化"或者至少是工具功能远远低于设计标杆的实际运行状态,其被动结果是公众参与度、服务有效性或者工具运行效率等评价方式中不得不承认的"工具失灵"或"服务失效"。服务工具与服务对象之间的关系疏离使我们不得不重新审视"工具激活"这一命题的理论指涉与实践张力。就现实性极强的工具激活问题而言,思考的重要向度之一是如何实现功能配置与公众期待之间的对位效应、如何满足对位效应得以实现的基本条件。     

A multi-user tool for enhancing the daily replanning and control of visits in home care services

The uncertainty associated with patients’ demands and operators’ availabilities is the main complexity factor in planning health care activities. Thus, activity replanning is required to react to the variations and to guarantee a good service quality. A particularly complex replanning activity is required in Home Care (HC) services, where any variation to the plans involves several decisions related, e.g. to nurses’ travels. Such complexity makes impossible for planners to integrate and to effectively handle all of the information in real time with the classical HC management tools. In this work, we design, implement and validate a new visualisation tool to support HC planners in handling the data, to better perform their replanning activities. The tool consists of a desk equipped with an interactive map, where up to four planners can manage the information together in a multilayer configuration. This solution allows to manage the high amount of data in a more effective and natural way than the tabular form of the current commercial tools, due to both the horizontal map visualisation and the multilayer information provisioning. The prototype has been tested with real HC planners and expert users; outcomes show the capability to meet the gap between planners and information complexity, and to provide adequate support for replanning HC activities.     

Cultural Transmission of Tool Use in Young Children: A Diffusion Chain Study

Developmental and gender effects in the transmission of information about a tool-use task were investigated within a 'diffusion chain' design. One hundred and twenty-seven children (65 three-year-olds and 62 five-year-olds) participated. Eighty children took part in diffusion chains in which consecutive children in chains of five witnessed two attempts on a tool-use task by the previous child in the chain. Comparisons were made between two experimental conditions in which alternative techniques were seeded and a third no-model control condition. Children in the diffusion chains conformed to the technique they witnessed, in one experimental condition faithfully transmitting a technique absent in the no-model condition. Five-year-olds displayed more robust transmission than three-year-olds, and boys were both more competent and displayed stronger transmission than girls.     

也谈语文工具性与人文性的认识

长久以来,新课标一直在要求和强化人文性与工具性的问题,两者不可偏废的道理显而易见,但如何在语文教学中使两者做到真正的调和统一,并不是一件容易的事。文章针对新课标下对语文基本特点的概括,分别对语文课程的＂工具性＂与＂人文性＂进行了重新界定,并对如何在语文教学实践中达到语文课程工具性与人文性的统一,提出了新的策略。