甲骨文的口语特征

本文通过对卜辞中的省略、重复、语序和直接由一句话构成的命辞四个方面的考察,探讨了甲骨文的口语特征.说明甲骨文是当时实际语言的真实记录,甲骨文在汉语史的研究中有其他材料不可替代的重要价值.     

Effects of oral testosterone undecanoate therapy on bone mineral density and body composition in 322 aging men with symptomatic testosterone deficiency: a 1-year,randomized, placebo-controlled,dose-ranging study

Abstract

Objective: We investigated the effects of oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) on bone mineral density (BMD), lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass (BFM) in aging men with symptomatic testosterone deficiency (TD).

Methods: Three hundred twenty-two men ≥50 years with TD symptoms and calculated free testosterone <0.26?nmol/L participated in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized to placebo, oral TU 80?mg/d, oral TU 160?mg/d, or oral TU 240?mg/d, administered as divided doses with normal meals. BMD of the hip and lumbar spine were evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and body composition (LBM and BFM) by whole body DEXA.

Results: Oral TU significantly increased BMD at Month 12 at the lumbar spine (240?mg/d), total hip (240?mg/d), and trochanter and intertrochanter (160 and 240?mg/d) compared with placebo. Oral TU significantly increased LBM at Months 6 and 12 for all oral TU groups compared with placebo. BFM significantly decreased at Month 6 (all oral TU groups) and Month 12 (160?mg/d) compared with placebo. The effects on BMD and body composition showed a clear dose response.

Conclusions: Treatment with oral TU led to improvement in BMD, LBM and BFM in aging men with symptomatic TD.     

LOH–pitfalls of an ambiguous abbreviation

Osteoporosis in elderly men is becoming an important health issue with the aging society. Elderly men with androgen deficiency are exposed to osteoporosis and can be treated with testosterone replacement. In this study, Eurycoma longifolia (EL), a plant with androgenic effects, was supplemented to an androgen-deficient osteoporotic aged rat as alternative to testosterone. Aged 12 months old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups of normal control (NC), sham-operated (SO), orchidectomised-control (OrxC), orchidectomised and supplemented with EL (Orx?+?El) and orchidectomised and given testosterone (Orx?+?T). After 6 weeks of treatment, serum osteocalcin, serum terminal C-telopeptide Type 1 collagen (CTX) and the fourth lumbar bone calcium were measured. There were no significant differences in the osteocalcin levels before and after treatment in all the groups. The CTX levels were also similar for all the groups before treatment. However, after treatment, orchidectomy had caused significant elevation of CTX compared to normal control rats. Testosterone replacements in orchidectomised rats were able to prevent the rise of CTX. Orchidectomy had also reduced the bone calcium level compared to normal control rats. Both testosterone replacement and EL supplementation to orchidectomised rats were able to maintain the bone calcium level, with the former showing better effects. As a conclusion, EL prevented bone calcium loss in orchidectomised rats and therefore has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment for androgen deficient osteoporosis.     

A four-year efficacy and safety study of the long-acting parenteral testosterone undecanoate

Introduction. This is a four-year follow-up of 25 men who received parenteral testosterone undecanoate (TU), 1000 mg every 12 weeks for at least four years. This study was a continuation of a 30-week study wherein the effects of TU had been compared to those of parenteral testosterone enanthate.

Methods & Results. Plasma testosterone (T) trough values of the injection interval of 12 weeks): median 11.9 – 15.9 nmol/L (N 10.0–30.0). E2 and SHBG were stable. Body weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio remained stable. Total cholesterol, and triglycerides were unchanged but plasma LDL declined while HDL, after an initial reduction over the first 30 weeks, had increased significantly after three years. Leptin levels, bone mineral density, blood pressure, liver function tests, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels remained stable without values above the upper limit of normal. Over the first 12 months of the study there was an increase in prostate volume from 19.7 ± 8.8 mL to 22.0 ± 8.4 mL (p < 0.05) but thereafter volumes remained stable, paralleled by an increase in PSA from 0.67 ± 0.38 µg/dL to 0.75 ± 0.35 µg/dL (p < 0.05) without any further changes after 12 months.

Conclusion. TU appears to be a stable and safe treatment modality of hypogonadal men.     

《高兴》:“醉酒的拾破烂者”——一种“城市生活”的叙事

《高兴》是对《秦腔》中的农民走出土地,来到城市后生活状貌的续写。贾平凹要在故乡日渐颓败凋敝的过程中,开始关注农民进城后的生活,因此可以说,《高兴》是《秦腔》的"城市化"续篇,《高兴》表达了对故土以及生息于其上的人们在现代化变迁中命运一以贯之的关注,与19世纪波德莱尔诗歌中"醉酒的拾破烂者"精神气质形成鲜明反差的是,这群进城农民坚强又懦弱、自负又自卑、充满同情心又愚昧不可及。《高兴》对流落都市的拾荒者们命运遭际的"社会记录",客观真实精彩地提供了表达中国当下经验的一种"城市叙事"。     

殷墟考古与商代甲骨文铜器铭文研究——纪念殷墟发掘80周年

80年来的殷墟考古，发掘出35000多片刻辞甲骨和有铭青铜器600多件，为商代甲骨和金文的研究提供了珍贵的资料。研究者将甲骨文晚商金文的有关资料与殷墟考古发现的遗迹、遗物相结合，研究商代社会（如商代的族氏、人物、官制）取得了重要成果。     

殷墟甲骨刻辞中"以""比"非连词说

殷墟甲骨刻辞中 ,“以”和“比”常位于两个相同成分之间 ,但它们不是连词 ,而是动词 ;因为它们的主语可以省略 ,它们的宾语可以前置 ,它们可受副词修饰。这项研究表明 ,单纯依据语序来判定某个字是否连词是不可靠的     

骨代谢与运动

成骨细胞和破骨细胞在对骨组织的改建过程中产生一系列的代谢产物 .运动改善骨代谢 ,增强成骨细胞的活动 ,抑制破骨细胞的活动 .研究证明 ,运动既可提高青年时期的骨峰值 ,又可延缓老年时期的骨质流失     

殷墟卜辞所见我国最早的传染流疫考

《合集》137正片中记载了武丁时期在郸城、■子、鬼(方)等地区与方国流行的传染性病疫情况,另外《合集》13887与《合集》17446片也有与流行性病疫有关的记载,说明其时商王是很关注流疫沴气的情况。这是我国最早所见的武丁时期有关病毒性传染流疫的记录。此片中"■"之"■"应读为"逢",并从字形、音义和用法对反映流疫的专用字"■(沴)"字作了详细的考证。     

文字、词汇和涵义——商代甲骨研究的三部参考著作

本文对《殷墟甲骨刻辞摹释总集》、《殷墟甲骨刻辞类纂》和《甲骨文字字释综览》三部著作进行学术评论,指出了其得失。