我国警察机构及警察权改革刍议

对暴力使用权的合法垄断是国家权力的本质特征，国家对暴力的垄断集中体现在军队和警察身上，警察的暴力垄断使用权是其对内政治表达和稳定秩序的需要。目前。我国的警察权设置过于狭隘，已不能满足社会和民众的需要。调整现在的警察机构设置和警察权的设定，成为我国行政体制改革、建设服务型政府的当务之急，也是我国警察体制改革的必由之路。同时，只有采用新的工作原则和制度安排，才能使分散化的警察机构设置产生更大的效用，发挥机构分散化带来的优势，克服分散化带来的劣势，推进警察和社会安全体系的建设。     

论反垄断行政执法程序规则的立法完善

完善的反垄断行政执法程序规则是规范反垄断执法行为的制度基础,我国现行反垄断法执法程序制度体系还存在立法缺陷,亟需通过统一程序规则,规范调查权及行政裁量权的行使,保障程序正义来实现反垄断行政执法程序的立法完善。     

简析我国城市管理执法的行政伦理困境--基于行政自由裁量权的视角

当代中国社会,公众与政府部门之间的矛盾日益激化,冲突屡见不鲜。城市管理执法人员作为政府基层公务人员的代表,在很大的程度上承受着社会对政府行政体制的批判和不满。借助行政自由裁量权的相关理论,从行政伦理学的角度入手,通过对城管执法人员执法过程中行使自由裁量权的动机和价值取向的思考,来发现其行政伦理的困境所在,并从内外控制的双重角度找寻破解困境的有效路径。     

法院执行效果的真实改善和非真实改善——影响判决执行效果的两种机制

本文希望解释什么原因造成中国法院近十年来的“执行难”。对某法院大约5000个审判和执行数据的实证研究表明,造成法院“执行难”的原因既包括法院内部的执行不力,也包括法院外部因素,比如国有资产管理对当事人选择司法执行程序的刚性约束。被研究法院执行效果的相对改善,既反映了近年来司法改革和法院努力的成果,同时也包含了法院外部因素变化使“质量”更好的案件进入执行程序从而带来的执行效果“改善”。法院内部和外部两种因素的作用对象和机制完全不同,外部因素带来的执行效果的改善是不真实的改善：虽然某些执行效果的司法统计指标变得更好看了,但实际执行效果并未真正提高。与之相反。司法改革带来的执行效果的改善是真实的改善：它不是司法统计指标的简单变化,而是实实在在的司法效率的提高和执行结果的改善。     

运动式执法与中国治理的困境

从决策议程对环境的回应、动员社会中的稀缺资源和实现政府间合作三个角度来分析运动式执法的必然性，运动式执法作为一种政策工具和治理模式并非总是消极的。一味地否定运动式执法，既不符合中国公共治理的现实需要，也不符合严肃的学术研究的要求。     

A Realistic Path to Implementing China’s Budget Law

The core issue for the implementation of modern budget law is to optimize the satisfaction of society’s demand for public goods. The form of implementation mechanism that will best achieve this goal has thus become a major topic in the field of legal research. To go beyond the Anglo-Saxon budget model and construct a realistic path for the implementation of China’s budget law, this issue needs to be explored from the perspective of Chinese citizens in a way that safeguards the fundamental interests of the people and is premised on upholding and improving the People’s Congress system, so as to achieve a balance between internal and external budget allocation relationships. There are three routes to implementing China’s budget law: the political, the social, and the judicial. Under the first, citizens’ political identity interests are represented by deputies who oversee the budgetary powers of administrative bodies through the People’s Congress. Under the second, citizens individually or collectively participate, influence or even decide the allocation of public economic resources through dialogue, negotiation, reasoning and argument with the responsible budgetary agency in the course of the budget’s compilation, examination and approval, execution and supervision. Under the third, the establishment of a system for budgetary litigation allows citizens to participate in and supervise the implementation of the budget law, individually or collectively. This provides judicial security for the law’s implementation. These three realistic implementation routes represent the dialectical unity of concerted institutional effort aimed directly at effective implementation of budget law. Judicial interpretations of budget law implementation indicate the importance and urgency of promoting national governance capacity through reform of the legal systems governing finance and taxation. This explains the significant role of finance and taxation law in national governance.     

论民事执行中的举报人

民事执行中的举报人在立法和学理上研究较少,因其与被执行人财产的查明关系密切而具有重要的作用。构建举报人制度不但要明确其立法地位,举报的对象和适用范围,举报人加入到强制执行中的方式,还要明确悬赏公告的发布程序和内容,需谨慎设计举报人的权利和义务等各方面程序上的内容。     

Engendering Government Budgets in the Context of Globalization(s)

This article considers the strengths and weaknesses of attempts to 'engender' government budgets in the context of globalization, drawing on my own personal engagement in such attempts, and on the work of many gender budget initiatives (GBIs) all around the world. GBIs have sought to improve the distribution, adequacy and impact of government budgets at national, regional and local levels; and to secure greater transparency in the use of public money; and greater accountability to women as citizens. Their spread has itself been an example of globalization, in this case the globalization of action for gender justice; facilitated by e-mail, the Internet and air travel; supported by international foundations and international development cooperation funds. But, it may be argued, GBIs have begun to engage with government budgets just at the time when governments, especially in the South, have less and less control over public finance decisions, due to other aspects of globalization. This article considers whether there is any point in GBIs if economic power lies in international markets, rather than in the Ministry of Finance, and draws on examples from a wide variety of countries.     

论行政执法的新闻媒体监控

行政机关是代表国家行使行政权力的机关,其在行使权力过程中必须受到全方位的监控才能保证权力行使的正当性。这种监控既有来自行政系统内部的监控,也有来自行政系统外部的监控。新闻媒体监控属于行政执法的外部监控形式之一。新闻媒体监控包括对行政机关的行政决策进行监控和对行政执法过程进行监控,侧重于对行政执法过程的监控。这种监控目前尚存在诸多问题,需要从立法、政务公开、优化新闻监督环境和提高新闻媒体工作人员的职业素质等方面加以完善。     

Kumulation von Mikrodaten – Konzeptionelle Grundlagen und ein Vorschlag zur Realisierung

Zusammenfassung: In dieser Studie wird ein Konzept zur Kumulation von laufenden Haushaltsbudgetbefragungen im Rahmen des Projektes Amtliche Statistik und sozioökonomische Fragestellungen entwickelt und zur Diskussion gestellt. Dafür werden die theoretischen Grundlagen und Bausteine gelegt und die zentrale Aufgabe einer strukturellen demographischen Gewichtung mit einem Hochrechnungs–/Kalibrierungsansatz auf informationstheoretischer Basis gelöst.Vor dem Hintergrund der Wirtschaftsrechnungen des Statistischen Bundesamtes (Lfd. Wirtschaftsrechnungen und EVS) wird darauf aufbauend ein konkretes Konzept für die Kumulation von jährlichen Haushaltsbudgetbefragungen vorgeschlagen. Damit kann das Ziel einer Kumulation von Querschnitten mit einer umfassenderen Kumulationsstichprobe für tief gegliederte Analysen erreicht werden. Folgen sollen die Simulationsrechnungen zur Evaluation des Konzepts.

---

Summary: In this study a concept for cumulating periodic household surveys within the frame of the project Official Statistics and Socio–Economic Questions is developed and asks for discussion. We develop the theoretical background and solve the central task of a structural demographic weighting/calibration based on an information theoretical approach.Based on the household budget surveys of the Federal Statistical Office (Periodic Household Budget Surveys and Income and Consumption Sample (EVS)) a practical concept is proposed to cumulate yearly household surveys. This allows a cumulation of cross–sections by a comprehensive cumulated sample for deeply structured analyses. In a following study this concept shall be evaluated.