The Effect of a Variable Data Point on Hypothesis Tests for Means

The effect of a single variable data point, x, on the usual test statistics for traditional hypothesis tests for means is analyzed. It is shown that an outlier may have a profound and unexpected effect on the test statistic. Although it might appear that an outlier would tend to lend support to the alternate hypothesis, it may in fact detract from the significance of the test. In one-population tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA), the value of x that maximizes the significance of the test statistic is given. This value does not have to be unusually large or small. In fact, it often falls within the range of the other sample points. In the general one-population case, the limiting value for the test statistic is shown to be +1. In the case involving more than one population, it is shown that the limiting value of the test statistic is a function only of the number of members in the samples and not their relative values. Special cases are identified in which the test statistic is shown to have unique characteristics depending on the characteristics of the data.     

儒家君子的核心价值观及其对当代人才观的启示

儒家君子是中国古代社会的重要人才与精神形象,其核心价值观是其长期存在的根本原因。其核心价值观主要有：天地人和是君子最高理想价值观,智仁勇三德是君子内在品质价值观,尊道贵德是君子内在精神价值观,义以为上是君子精神外现价值观,德才兼备是君子人才素质价值观。儒家君子的核心价值观对当代人才观具有重要启示：一是利于把握人才的培养方向,二是利于衡量人才的基本素质,三是利于确定人才的价值取向。     

Shannon Information In k-records

In this article, we present results on the Shannon information (SI) contained in upper(lower) k-record values and associated k-record times. We then establish an interesting relationship between the SI content of a random sample of fixed size, and the SI in the data consisting of sequential maxima. We also consider the information contained in the k-record data from an inverse sampling plan (ISP).     

浅析当代青少年的思想危机与拯救的措施

传统与现代范式的转换,中西文化的冲突与交融,青少年的思想发生了一系列的变化.特别在我国现阶段,随着对外开放的进一步扩大,资产阶级腐朽思想逐渐渗入,青少年易受西方价值观的影响.在意识形态领域里加强无产阶级的“三观”教育、主流意识形态的建构与文化认同感宣传有其内在的重要性和必要性.引导青少年树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观...     

Evaluating the effectiveness of the first breast cancer awareness campaign in the United Arab Emirates: Lessons learned and next steps

Following an innovative breast cancer awareness campaign in the United Arab Emirates, a dual language survey of 500 women and in-depth interviews were conducted. The study found television advertising to be the most optimal awareness communication method, particularly among Emirati and other Arab women respondents. The research also found strong support for a year-long awareness campaign.     

Disability and going green: a comparison of the environmental values and behaviours of persons with and without disability

Some studies have suggested that socially excluded groups exhibit different environmental values and behaviours from mainstream society. To consider this in the context of disability, a survey was implemented to investigate environmental values and ecological behaviour. A high percentage of participants considered themselves to have a disability, long‐standing illness or infirmity. Over half of the sample had restricted physical mobility. The study used the revised New Ecological Paradigm Scale, a widely used measure of pro‐environmental orientation, and the General Ecological Behaviour scale to assess ecological behaviours. No significant differences were found between respondents with/without disability for either their general environmental attitudes or their general ecological behaviour. However, a positive correlation was found between level of physical mobility and general ecological behaviour. The results also show significant differences in the ecological behaviours of those respondents living dependently and those living independently; respondents living in care scored lower on the ecological behaviour scale.     

Precise Simulated Percentiles in a Pinch

A percentile point simulation algorithm is presented. The algorithm is useful when computer storage and time considerations are at a premium. The algorithm employs various time- and storage-saving ideas, including a “pinching” mechanism that reduces the proportion of simulated values stored as the number of iterations is increased. Algorithm output includes a measure of precision as well as the simulated percentile point. The simulation can be stopped when the desired degree of precision has been attained.     

The Capitalization of Space and Cultural Resistance

中国的城市化建设正在飞速进行。与经济进步相伴随，出现了众多的问题，如大 城市中的交通拥堵、空气污染、资源浪费与匮乏并存等——这只是可见的表面问题。 从长远的角度看，在城市化过程中，空间的资本化使用导致了城市文化、城市样态、 自然环境等差异性的丧失，这将使人的存在更为物化、功能化与功利化。本文认为， 指导空间生产的价值观念是促使上述问题出现的根本原因；只有改变以往的以“技术 和资本增殖”为核心的消费社会的价值观念，建构新的“以人为本”的价值观念，才 能对抗空间生产的资本化洪流。

关键词: 空间生产?城市化?资本?价值观念

Urbanization is proceeding at full speed in China. Economic progress has been accompanied by enormous problems in our big cities, such as traffic congestion, air pollution, the coexistence of resource abuse and scarcity, etc.—and these are merely the problems visible on the surface. The capitalization of space in the course of urbanization has meant loss of diversity in urban culture and configuration and in the natural environment. In the long run, this will make human existence more objectified, functional and utilitarian. This paper argues that the fundamental reason for these problems lies in the value concepts guiding the production of space. Only when we abandon the existing values of consumer society, which revolve around “capital and technology appreciation,” and establish new values “putting people first” will we be able to withstand the mighty torrent of capitalized space production.     

Use of prior information for estimating the variance components

The MINQUE and its modifications are considered for estimating the variances of the balanced one-way random effects model. The effects of the a priori values on the estimators of the variances are examined in detail. The Mean Square Errors of the estimators are compared for variations in the prior values of the unknown variances.     

Linearity of regression for non-adjacent record values

Let X₁,X₂,… be a sequence of iid random variables having a continuous distribution; by R₁,R₂,… denote the corresponding record values. All the distributions allowing linearity of regressions either E(R_m+k|R_m) or E(R_m|R_m+k) are identified.