中国工业行业碳强度的因素分析——基于超越对数生产函数

为探究工业行业碳强度变化的成因,基于Kaya恒等式的碳强度分解,以碳强度表示产出,以经济增长、能源消费量、能源消费结构和技术进步为投入要素构建超越对数生产函数,通过各要素的碳强度产出弹性反映各要素对碳强度的贡献;并运用通径分析法进一步揭示各要素间的相互关系及其与碳强度的直接和间接关系。结果表明:能源消费结构的优化和技术进步抑制了工业行业碳强度的增长,能源消费量的增长和工业增加值的增长拉动了碳强度的增长,其中能源消费结构和能源消费量对工业行业碳强度的影响显著,因此降低工业行业碳强度的关键在于减少能源消费结构和能源消费量的碳强度产出弹性;能源消费量、工业增加值和能源消费结构对能源消费量的碳强度产出弹性起直接推动作用,技术进步起直接抑制作用;工业增加值和能源消费量对能源消费结构的碳强度产出弹性起直接推动作用,技术进步和能源消费结构起直接抑制作用。可见,工业行业对能源消费的依赖性较强,降低工业行业碳强度应主要依靠技术进步转变能源利用方式,提高能源效率,优化能源消费结构。     

论阿兰?巴迪欧哲学思想的数学基础

巴迪欧认为数学是本体论,是作为存在之存在的科学。他在现代分析哲学和后期海德格尔思想的基础上熔铸出属于自己的本体论。巴迪欧哲学思想的数学基础主要源于康托尔和保罗·科恩的集合理论。他结合萨特和以维特根斯坦为代表的盎格鲁-撒克逊学派的学说而提出“情境”概念,指事件发生的场所,是具有多元性的场域。他还根据集合与幂集的差异,将结构分为情境与情境状态两种类型,将集合论与哲学进行嫁接,形成独有的哲学思想。巴迪欧认为海德格尔并没有将数学与科学区分开来,而他要做的就是实现对海德格尔反科学主义思想的超越。      

后现代语境下的言意关系--基于语言哲学的视角

语言能够表达人的思维、情感、意志,但是语言往往又不能准确传达人的所思所想和内心体验。在以语言游戏为主要方式的后现代语境下,语言由工具转变为主体,语言本身即是意义,或是消解了意义。然而语言游戏消解的只是一般的、严肃的意义,却转向了特殊的、鄙俗的意义。语言游戏虽然致力于语言技巧的探索,但“言不尽意”的矛盾仍未能得到根本解决。     

认知语言学视角下拟人与隐喻的比较

认知语言学通常把拟人视作最典型的本体（实体）隐喻,称为拟人隐喻,从而认为隐喻和拟人都是基于体验性和相似性的源域向靶域的映射。在认同隐喻和拟人都是不同概念间跨域联结的心智模式基础上,本文提出：隐喻是喻体（源域）向本体（靶域）的静态映射,本体、喻体在字面上兼具;而拟人是将本体融合在拟体中,非人本体被活化在拟体人中,并不显现,源域中拟人之体代其行事,从而得出结论：拟人是基于“转喻人”的隐喻。     

粮食生产水足迹动态演变及分解效应

基于水足迹方法构建粮食生产水资源匹配指数,从用水总量、来源结构和粮水匹配关系三个方面分析粮食生产用水的动态演变特征,并采用LMDI模型将粮食生产用水变动分解为9类效应,研究结果表明:粮食生产水足迹变动经历小幅下降——快速回升——企稳上升三个阶段,粮水匹配度较差且矛盾趋于激化。从分解效应看,三产结构调整和节水技术进步是减少粮食生产用水的主要因素,但种植结构调整以及用水效率改善未发挥预期节水效果,粮水匹配关系恶化、水土资源贫乏及二者匹配度较差均不利于缓解农业用水压力。     

悖论与"自指"

悖论的构成与我们对某些语句可以自我指称的认定密切相关.认为某个语句可以自指,这是一回事,但事实上这个语句是否可能自指,则是另一回事;而语句自指事实上是不可能的.由此,便会获得对悖论的一种根本不同的理解.     

生生不已而“含情契理”——方东美的生命本体论探微

在摸索如何实现中国哲学现代化的道路上,现代新儒家前三代学人大多都致意于重建形上学的努力,表现出自觉创构本体论的理论冲动和精神蕲向.作为现代新儒家之重镇,方东美没有如同其他人那样,承接宋明儒学以采取"新心学"或"新理学"的进路,而是归返于先秦原始儒家和原始道家并建立了"含情契理"的生命本体论.通过他探求"太初之指"、索寻宇宙人生之本体的过程,我们可以清楚地看到他由中入西,最后又援西归中的学思心路;同时,从中也能够见出由提出"生命"这一核心范畴,到依循"体用不二"的传统论证方式阐发其功用,以确证生命的本体论意义和地位,进而展开整个思想体系的逻辑发展进程.     

Assessment of Catastrophic Risk Using Bayesian Network Constructed from Domain Knowledge and Spatial Data

Prediction of natural disasters and their consequences is difficult due to the uncertainties and complexity of multiple related factors. This article explores the use of domain knowledge and spatial data to construct a Bayesian network (BN) that facilitates the integration of multiple factors and quantification of uncertainties within a consistent system for assessment of catastrophic risk. A BN is chosen due to its advantages such as merging multiple source data and domain knowledge in a consistent system, learning from the data set, inference with missing data, and support of decision making. A key advantage of our methodology is the combination of domain knowledge and learning from the data to construct a robust network. To improve the assessment, we employ spatial data analysis and data mining to extend the training data set, select risk factors, and fine‐tune the network. Another major advantage of our methodology is the integration of an optimal discretizer, informative feature selector, learners, search strategies for local topologies, and Bayesian model averaging. These techniques all contribute to a robust prediction of risk probability of natural disasters. In the flood disaster's study, our methodology achieved a better probability of detection of high risk, a better precision, and a better ROC area compared with other methods, using both cross‐validation and prediction of catastrophic risk based on historic data. Our results suggest that BN is a good alternative for risk assessment and as a decision tool in the management of catastrophic risk.     

双重的约束：女性科技人才成长的制约因素分析

近年来，我国的科技事业发展迅速。然而，科技人才队伍中的女性科技人才却发展较为缓慢，原因在于女性科技人才的发展受到了公私领域的双重约束即私人领域的家庭劳动、家庭决策、家庭教育投资以及公共领域的科技人才准入、培育和评价机制制约了女性科技人才的发展。在这种双重约束下，女性科技人才只能在具有性别排斥的科技领域中充当幕后支撑力量，相反，男性则在科技人才发展中占主导优势，成为主要的受惠群体。     

Towards an affirmative public domain

Two competing and yet complementary philosophical concepts form the foundation for the legal protection of intellectual property – ‘competing’ in that created works protected by copyright are unavailable for unrestricted use by others as a result of the economic monopoly given to the works’ owners, and ‘complementary’ in that the presumption is that works no longer protected by copyright serve as the basis for the creation of new copyrightable works. These unprotected works comprise the ‘public domain,’ which has never been affirmatively defined. In Golan v. Holder (2012), the US Supreme Court concluded that such a realm is constitutionally unimportant. This research contends, however, that the Court's decision is incorrect, that Golan, federal legislation, and international treaties threaten to bring larger and larger portions of cultural and intellectual content under the control of a property regime that does not understand the contradiction inherent in the notion of absolute property rights in intangible goods. The result is that the public domain is under tremendous pressure from those entities which have the most to gain from expanded authorial rights and from a weakened and less inclusive public domain. Citizens thus will have fewer rights to access and freely use their culture as they choose. The eventual significance of this evolution will be that further creativity and innovation will be stifled, the opposite of the intention of intellectual property law. In this article, we develop an affirmative definition of the public domain, which we believe will correct the imbalance in current intellectual property law.