Measurement Error Correction by Exploiting Gene–Environment Independence in Family‐Based Case–Control Studies

Abstract. Family‐based case–control designs are commonly used in epidemiological studies for evaluating the role of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure to risk factors in the etiology of rare diseases. Within this framework, it is often reasonable to assume genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure being conditionally independent of each other within families in the source population. We focus on this setting to explore the situation of measurement error affecting the assessment of the environmental exposure. We correct for measurement error through a likelihood‐based method. We exploit a conditional likelihood approach to relate the probability of disease to the genetic and the environmental risk factors. We show that this approach provides less biased and more efficient results than that based on logistic regression. Regression calibration, instead, provides severely biased estimators of the parameters. The comparison of the correction methods is performed through simulation, under common measurement error structures.     

内向的小佳如何变成孩子王——幼儿交往发展中的家庭影响因素典型个案研究

交往能力在个体终身成长中的作用显著，家庭是影响幼儿交往能力发展的至关重要的环境。本文通过对一则典型案例的调查访谈，梳理分析，揭示了在一个孩子交往行为发展进程中家庭因素的变化，以及可能对幼儿交往行为造成的影响。鲜活生动的事例便于身处其中的幼儿父母、幼教工作者们对照反思，以获取实用的育儿心得，对培养幼儿交往行为的发展具有一定指导和借鉴意义。     

“托物取象”与诗性言说——论古典文论对李健吾文学批评的影响

李健吾的文学批评在古典文论的影响下形成了独树一帜的批评风范.他强调直觉感悟,善于营造意象,运用比喻、象征、类比等手法传达阅读感受,形成“托物取象”的论证方法;形式自由,短小精悍,文字飘逸、饱含诗情,形成了诗性言说下的散漫文体与诗意语言风格.     

Two new estimators for the proportion of true null hypotheses in multiple test

In multiple hypothesis test, an important problem is estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses. Existing methods are mainly based on the p-values of the single tests. In this paper, we propose two new estimations for this proportion. One is a natural extension of the commonly used methods based on p-values and the other is based on a mixed distribution. Simulations show that the first method is comparable with existing methods and performs better under some cases. And the method based on a mixed distribution can get accurate estimators even if the variance of data is large or the difference between the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis is very small.     

Evidence-based practice: a critical reflection

This article employs the process of critical reflection to uncover and challenge the hegemonic assumptions of evidence-based practice (EBP). The critical reflection process results in a re-conceptualisation of best practices that, while still honouring empirical research, is less hierarchical and more inclusive of a broad spectrum of interests than traditional EBP. Multidimensional Evidence-Based Practice (MEBP) validates consumer wisdom, professional experience, and qualitative research as equal partners to quantitative research in determining current state-of-the art best practices. Furthermore, MEBP incorporates a value-critical analysis of those best practices that can lead to improvements and innovations, so that ‘best practices’ becomes a dynamic rather than a static construct.     

A Program Evaluation of Los Angeles ACORN's Welfare Case Advocacy

SUMMARY

Bureaucratic confusion and client dissatisfaction since the 1996 changes in welfare policy opened opportunities for third party advocacy on behalf of welfare clients. This paper evaluates Los Angeles ACORN's case advocacy program for welfare clients. Outcomes analyzed include client satisfaction with ACORN's advocacy and effects of the program on welfare clients who later became ACORN members. Ninety-one percent of clients surveyed (N = 99) stated they were satisfied with the resolution of their welfare case complaint. Eighty-eight percent of respondents stated ACORN did a better job resolving their problem compared to the welfare department. Unique aspects of the program include peer advocacy and opportunities for welfare recipients to join ACORN and work on welfare policy changes among other issues.     

微型案例在管理教学中的应用

利用微型案例组织教学，使知识性、真实性、趣味性融为一体，有利于促进教学方法的改革，提高学生学习的积极性和主动性，提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

Promoting Children's Welfare by Inter‐professional Practice and Learning in Social Work and Primary Care

Social work in the United Kingdom is an activity that benefits from, and often requires, co‐operation between different staff and across different professions. How this is to be achieved has been a central dilemma for practice and policy for many years. Primary care health services often play a key role. New policy and practice developments are designed to promote inter‐professional working with children, where research has shown significant problems in the community‐based health care of looked after children, children leaving care, and children at serious risk. There is, however, little evidence from research that supports current developments in inter‐professional practice; analysis of the particular nature of the inter‐professional problems is lacking, as are therefore the relevant inter‐professional solutions. A framework for better analysis, linked to developments in practice‐based research, one that would yield significant improvements for children's welfare, is presented here.     

论当代中国公益慈善观念的冲突与社会共识的达成——以陈光标事件为切入点的分析

文章通过陈光标事件分析了中国慈善公益观念在动机、方式上的冲突,并指出这些强烈的冲突源自传统慈善观念、计划经济时期慈善观念和西方公益慈善观念的冲突。最后,指出应该鼓励更多资金进入公益领域,对通过公益慈善获得合理的社会声望应该加以认可,并进行丰富公益慈善方式的探索。