化学反应工程教学体会

文章以提高化学反应工程教学质量为目标,介绍了一些提高化学反应工程教学效果的个人体会,希望能为化学反应工程教学改革提供参考。     

Chemical Leasing Business Models—A Contribution to the Effective Risk Management of Chemical Substances

Chemicals indisputably contribute greatly to the well-being of modern societies. Apart from such benefits, however, chemicals often pose serious threats to human health and the environment when improperly handled. Therefore, the European Commission has proposed a regulatory framework for the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) that requires companies using chemicals to gather pertinent information on the properties of these substances. In this article, we argue that the crucial aspect of this information management may be the honesty and accuracy of the transfer of relevant knowledge from the producer of a chemical to its user. This may be particularly true if the application of potentially hazardous chemicals is not part of the user's core competency. Against this background, we maintain that the traditional sales concept provides no incentives for transferring this knowledge. The reason is that increased user knowledge of a chemical's properties may raise the efficiency of its application. That is, excessive and unnecessary usage will be eliminated. This, in turn, would lower the amount of chemicals sold and in competitive markets directly decrease profits of the producer. Through the introduction of chemical leasing business models, we attempt to present a strategy to overcome the incentive structure of classical sales models, which is counterproductive for the transfer of knowledge. By introducing two models (a Model A that differs least and a Model B that differs most from traditional sales concepts), we demonstrate that chemical leasing business models are capable of accomplishing the goal of Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals: to effectively manage the risk of chemicals by reducing the total quantity of chemicals used, either by a transfer of applicable knowledge from the lessor to the lessee (Model A) or by efficient application of the chemical by the lessor him/herself (Model B).     

珠江三角洲发展重化工业的构想

珠三角是广东经济核心与基地，其产业结构迅速向高层次发展，形成外向型工业体系。本文论述珠三角具有发展重化工业的优势，指出重化工业替代轻工业成为支柱产业是经济高速发展的必然要求，并提出珠三角重化工业集中二个地区布局的设想     

Total System Performance Assessment for Waste Disposal Using a Logic Tree Approach

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has sponsored the development of a model to assess the long-term, overall performance of the candidate spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The model simulates the processes that lead to HLW container corrosion, HLW mobilization from the spent fuel, and transport by groundwater, and contaminated groundwater usage by future hypothetical individuals leading to radiation doses to those individuals. The model must incorporate a multitude of complex, coupled processes across a variety of technical disciplines. Furthermore, because of the very long time frames involved in the modeling effort (10⁴ years), the relative lack of directly applicable data, and many uncertainties and variabilities in those data, a probabilistic approach to model development was necessary. The developers of the model chose a logic tree approach to represent uncertainties in both conceptual models and model parameter values. The developers felt the logic tree approach was the most appropriate. This paper discusses the value and use of logic trees applied to assessing the uncertainties in HLW disposal, the components of the model, and a few of the results of that model. The paper concludes with a comparison of logic trees and Monte Carlo approaches.     

普通碳钢材料表面镍铜合金化

运用金属材料表面合金化的方法,对普通碳钢表层进行镍铜合金粉末热渗镀处理的试验原理,工艺及碳钢然材选择作了研究,并对采用此方法处理后的材料进行了耐氢氟酸腐蚀的实验,达到了预期效果。     

浅谈化学教学中情感教育的方法和途径

情感教育是中学化学教学过程中不可缺少的方法和手段。作为中学化学教师,应当依据学生的心理特征、年龄特点等因素,调动学生的多种感官,全方位的参与,提高学生的学习兴趣,进行情知交融的教学。只有这样,才能使学生真正把学习变为自身要求,从而提高教学质量。     

论化学工程与工艺专业人才培养

本文就教育部完成本科专业目录修订及本科专业大幅度调整后,针对原精细化工、无机化工(化工工艺)合并为化学工程与工艺专业新专业如何定位并适应社会主义市场经济和"知识经济"时代要求、人才培养目标、课程体系构成和课程教学内容及要求等问题进行了讨论。     

几种化学因子对水稻抗白叶枯病诱导作用比较

比较了水杨酸 (SA) ,对氨基苯酚 (p -AP)、硝酸镍、百草枯 (PQ)、氧化铜和铜试剂对水稻幼苗抗白叶枯病的诱导抗病作用、它们的最佳诱导浓度和最佳诱导时期 .它们的最佳诱导浓度分别为 0 .0 5mmol/L、0 .5mmol/L、2 .2mmol/L、0 .1 5mg/L、0 .3mmol/L和 0 .5mmol/L .除SA和PQ的最佳诱导期分别为处理后第 2天和第 4天外 ,其余因子均在处理后第 3天 .在最佳浓度下 ,SA、p -AP、硝酸镍、PQ、氯化铜和铜试剂的相对诱导效果 (局部抗性 )分别为 1 9.7%、3 9.5%、69.6%、4 6.1 %、1 2 .3 %和 1 8.9% .硝酸镍、PQ和P -AP均有明显的系统诱导抗病作用 .三种因子均在处理后第 4天表现出最大的系统诱导抗病效果 ,相对诱导效果分别为 4 2 .9%、3 5.5%和 2 7.6% .并且 ,在处理后第 8天这种诱导作用也较明显 .     

导电聚苯胺的合成

通过化学氧化法合成了导电性聚苯胺 ,研究了反应的温度、酸度对聚合反应的影响 ,对聚苯胺的电导率和结构进行了测定     

探索实践教学培养创新意识

本文根据近代化工学科发展的趋势和人才培养的需要 ,对化工类专业实践性教学作整体优化设计 ,革新教学内容和实施方法 ,通过开发多功能实验、典型错误实验、化工机械设备解剖实验等培养学生的动手能力、创新能力和解决问题能力 ;通过建立化工实习基地 ,化工课程设计和毕业设计真题真做等 ,来培养学生的实际工作能力和创新意识