Book Reviews

No abstract available for this article.     

论战争记忆与老舍创作的国家复仇意识

１９００年八国联军入侵北京时的战争经历对老舍的人生记忆具有决定性的影响。这种战争记忆在老舍的生活经验中不断被新的战争经历和海外生话所激活，从而奠定了老舍创作的“仇洋心理”，使老舍创作表现出复杂的国家复仇意识。国家复仇意识在某种意义上是老舍创作的核心意识。     

The Expansion of Advocacy Center's Role

No abstract available for this article.     

The Child and the Home

ABSTRACT

This article considers the relationship between the child and the home in Europe since the Middle Ages. It notes that ideas about both childhood and domesticity have varied over successive periods, and that class and gender as well as age influence individual experience in the home. It therefore moves on from the common assumption that both childhood and the home are modern inventions.     

北宋士人贬谪山水中的“集体记忆”——以苏轼及苏门诸子武昌“寒溪西山”唱和为例

宋人因酷烈党争而频繁陷入贬谪之中,又通过理性内省提升内心境界以挺立精神主体,使贬谪中的山水具备迥别于唐人的文化品格。由苏轼所发起苏门诸子参与的武昌寒溪西山唱和,即是以山水为媒介来反思士人贬谪命运、树立自由人格、因诗以进道而追寻文化价值的典型例子。并在一定的时间维度下通过想象追忆的艺术创造,构筑起士人群体间维系情感交流、心理勉慰和价值认同的"集体记忆"。这种"集体记忆"通过山水审美活动使士人坚守文化理想的人文情怀得以传承延续下去。     

Japanese and American Children's Reasoning about Accepting Credit for Prosocial Behavior

Children's reasoning about the appropriateness of accepting credit for one's own prosocial behavior was examined. Participants aged 7–11 years old in Japan and the USA (total N = 206) were presented with a series of stories in which a protagonist performs a good deed and is asked about it by another character. Across stories, the protagonist either truthfully acknowledges the deed or falsely denies it, in a statement that is made either in public or in private, and is addressed to either a teacher or to a peer. As predicted, Japanese children judged protagonists less favorably when they acknowledged the good deed in public rather than in private. Further, Japanese children tended to view modest lies more favorably overall than did children in the USA. These results point to the importance of modesty in Japan and to the ways in which Japanese children take into account the social context of communication when deciding whether it is appropriate for individuals to convey information about themselves.     

It Takes a Village (Perhaps a Nation): Families,States, and Educational Achievement

Research in the United States has shown that children growing up in 2‐parent households do better in school than children from single‐parent households. We used the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) data to test whether this finding applied to other countries as well (N = 100,307). We found that it did, but that the educational gap was greater in the United States than in the other 13 countries considered. Results from 2‐level hierarchical linear models demonstrated that international differences in the educational gap were associated with several indicators of national policy and demographic contexts. No single policy appeared to have a large effect, but several policy combinations were associated with substantially reduced educational gaps between children from different family structures.     

The Effects of a Creative Dance and Movement Program on the Social Competence of Head Start Preschoolers

The effects of an eight‐week instructional program in creative dance/movement on the social competence of low‐income preschool children were assessed in this study utilizing a scientifically rigorous design. Forty preschool children from a large Head Start program were randomly assigned to participate in either an experimental dance program or an attention control group. Teachers and parents, blind to the children's group membership, rated children's social competence both before and after the program, using English and Spanish versions of the Social Competence Behavior Evaluation: Preschool Edition. The results revealed significantly greater positive gains over time in the children's social competence and both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems for the experimental group compared with the control group. Small‐group creative dance instruction for at‐risk preschoolers appears to be an excellent mechanism for enhancing social competence and improving behavior. The implications for early childhood education and intervention are discussed.     

文革记忆与后现代叙事——毕飞宇论

毕飞宇的文革记忆深刻影响了他对世界、人生的体验,从而影响了他的小说题材、主题和叙述方式,使之呈现出后现代小说的特征和“气质”。毕飞宇一直热衷于创作文革题材与准文革题材小说。一方面,对权力的体认和解构成为小说中最常见的主题;另一方面,他的小说常常运用“戏仿”修辞和“反讽”的叙事方式。     

论茅盾创作《子夜》的心理背景

本文从有意识的政治功利心理和无意识的补偿心理两方面分析茅盾创作《子夜》的心理背景,探讨《子夜》的社会政治价值及艺术魅力得以实现的根本原因。