‘The Rule of Men Entirely Great’: Republicanism,Ritual, and Richelieu in Melville’s ‘The Two Temples’

Abstract

This article explores the complex and multifarious reasons behind Herman Melville’s decision to refer to the English playwright Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s 1839 work Richelieu, or The Conspiracy in his 1854 diptych ‘The Two Temples’. It responds to a critical consensus that has seen the reference merely as a sarcastic attack on William Macready (whose rivalry with the American actor Edwin Forrest was the nominal cause of the bloody 1849 Astor Place Riot in New York), by contextualizing the play within traditions of antebellum American Anglophilia. By using a combination of new critical work on Anglo-Americanism and anthropological ritual theory, I show how Bulwer-Lytton’s play was significant to Melville’s artistic development. In particular, I demonstrate how the play influenced his increasing engagement with republican and theatrical forms of expression that emphasized the importance of filial relationships between America and Britain in a period of increasing hostility between the two nations.     

Locally best invariant test for outliers in a gamma type distribution

It is shown that the locally best invariant test for the existence of outliers for scale parameters of the gamma distribution is given by Bartholomew's test for exponentiality which is the ratio of the sum of squares of the data to the square of the sample mean. The optimality robustness, including null and nonnull robustness of the test is shown. A small simulation study to compare the power among the other eight competitive tests for testing exponentiality is performed. It is seen that the locally best invariant test is not always best but is reasonably good. It is slightly better than Cochran's test and suffers less from the limiting masking effect.     

自贡盐业契约“出山约”与“出丢上中下节约”研究

在清代民国时期，四川自贡井盐生产过程中出现了“出山约”、“上、中、下节约”等特殊契约形式，导致这种契约形式出现的原因是多方面的，其中自然环境、盐井开采技术以及市场竞争是导致这些契约关系出现的重要原因。这些契约形式的出现对当时自贡地区盐业生产产生了极大的影响，有效地解决了投资者与地主之间的矛盾，保证了井盐开采所需资金来源，分散了投资风险，优化了盐井生产组织形式，提升了投资的积极性，从而使自贡地区的井盐生产能形成独特的生产模式，长盛不衰。     

广西边远地区农村教育资源闲置问题实证研究——以百色为例

教育资源闲置是教育资源完全或部分没有发挥教育功能的状态,具有绝对闲置和相对闲置两种含义。文章以百色农村教育资源为例,分析了广西边远地区农村教育资源闲置在小学和初中两个层面的表现,并分析了造成广西边远地区农村教育资源闲置的原因;文章认为,提高广西边远地区农村经济发展水平、拓宽融资渠道、优化教育资源配置、灵活撤并教学点、改变闲置校舍的用途以及合理解决代课教师问题是解决广西边远地区农村教育资源闲置问题的可能途径。     

人大监督不力的制度原因探析

人大监督权运作正常与否被看成是衡量人大制度健康与否的重要标志。现阶段，我国各级人大较为普遍地存在着监督权不到位、监督不力的现象，这极大地消解了国家权力机关的权威、弱化了其地位。造成这一状况的制度原因主要有：党的领导和人大权力关系未能理顺；人大代表的筛选与监控机制失灵；人大代表履职监督机制还不够健全等。为此，解决人大监督不力、提高人大监督实效，要从制度建设入手，通过制度变革来形成合力，改变人大监督的政治生态环境，健全人大制度、强化人大监督，推动人大制度的健康发展。     

Maternal Autonomy- and Connectedness-oriented Parenting Behaviors as Predictors of Children's Social Behaviors in China

The purpose of the study was to examine the contributions of maternal encouragement of autonomy and maternal encouragement of connectedness to the prediction of children's social behaviors. A sample of children (N  =  94), initially aged two years, and their mothers in China participated in the two-year longitudinal study. Child autonomy and connectedness and maternal goal-oriented behaviors were assessed at two years of age through the observation of mother–child interactions. Data on children's social participation, prosocial behavior, aggression, and organization/leadership in peer interactions were collected in a follow-up study when the children were four years of age. It was found that maternal encouragement of connectedness significantly predicted children's sociability and organization/leadership behavior, especially for children who were relatively high on autonomy. The results indicated the developmental significance of socialization goal-oriented behaviors in cultural context.     

和刻明本《增订王昌龄诗集》平质

日本京都大学现藏和刻明万历间许自昌校《王昌龄诗集》本，是以现存明本为底本，以《唐诗品汇》等明本参校，并予以辑补部分佚诗而成。数量上多于明当代本，而体例又迥异于《全唐诗》王昌龄集。从版本学上来看，此本可以作为通行明本向《全唐诗》本的过渡本。     

Books Received

No abstract available for this article.     

大学英语趣味教学模式刍议

分析了目前大学英语教学与学习的基本现状，强调兴趣对外语学习的重要性，提出了大学英语趣味教学的几点建议，要求教师创设多种能激发学生学习兴趣的教学方式，通过课内外结合，以提高英语课堂教学质量，提高学生的英语学习能力。     

商代海贝性质分析

传统观点认为商代海贝或者仿海贝是中国货币的最初阶段,但是,从考古发现的商代海贝来看,出土情况复杂,无法从考古材料上对商代已经出现货币的观点给予支持;相反,从大量商代海贝密集出土情况来看,我们认为海贝是殷商时期大量使用的装饰品,最初仅仅作为财富的象征,甚至是在一定程度还可以起到辨别不同人群的功能;同时不排除西周以后货贝演化为货币的可能性。