Public Sexual Cultures: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research Investigating Men's Sexual Behaviors with Men in Public Spaces

Resurgent HIV and sexually transmitted infection incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) requires an urgent re-examination of sexual transmission sites. To these ends, we systematically review qualitative literature concerning men's sexual behaviors within public sex environments (PSEs). Sex, therein, is negotiated by the highly codified, largely nonverbal practice of “cruising.” A generic, shared PSE sexual culture emerges from the literature—across locations, countries, and decades—because of the importance of concealment and common structural constraints on sexual encounters in PSEs. However, differences in local geography and facilities may transform key features of this, resulting in specific, local sexual cultures emerging for each locale. We argue that, although sexual cultures developed to minimize nonsexual cruising risks, they may be exploited to improve contemporary in situ outreach work.     

《反不正当竞争法》适用范围问题的反思

在<反不正当竞争法>适用范围问题上,本文认为,无论是从现实角度,还是从理论层面看,从主体角度界定反不正当竞争适用范围存在着难题,合理的做法是排除主体因素而径直以行为角度确定     

老年人出行选择行为影响因素研究

研究老年人出行选择行为影响因素,有利于提高城市交通系统对老龄化社会的适应性。根据北京市居民出行调查数据,利用非集计理论和方法构建的老年人出行选择行为模型,可从源头上分析影响老年人出行选择行为的个人、家庭社会经济背景等因素,并对老年人出行选择行为进行预测。研究结果表明:性别,年龄,是否持有驾照、月票,家庭月收入,家庭交通工具拥有情况等对老年人出行选择行为有显著影响;利用模型估计得到的参数计算事件发生比,可进一步了解各影响因素对老年人出行选择行为的影响程度。     

中国古代小说“传情为态”的写人技法

中国古代小说善于将人物内在难以捉摸的"情"传示为有迹可寻的"态",在描写情绪发作时,常添加修饰性的伴声体态语,突显人物情绪爆发状态;其次是夸说因情绪波动而造成的生理性条件反射体态;此外还多依据特定的文化规则,来追摄"七情"波动引发的两极性的"笑"貌和"哭"相,这些表情追摄有助于人物的道德增值、悲剧营造、神情传达,并能绘形绘声地给读者以直观感、画面感。     

在学生管理中借鉴动物行为的探究

寻找一种合理有效的学生管理方法，一直是各高校教育管理中的核心问题。在人类熟知而又陌生的动物王国里，存在着一些有益于改善一个组织的奇特行为。根据一些动物行为和习性的研究结果，结合学生管理中的实际情况，这些动物行为对学生的目标管理、团队管理和奉献精神培养是很有启发的，可以用来指导我们的相关工作。     

临床评估中的文化偏向与行为一致性问题

文化和种族因素在临床评估中发挥着重要作用。建立于对白种人群研究基础上的评估技术在用于非白人患者时可能是不准确的，也可能导致，临床工作者缩小或夸大对其他文化群体成员的心理问题。认识到该问题的重要性，临床工作者可以用不同方法去防止评估中文化偏向的消极影响。此外，人类行为在各种情境中是否具有稳定性是一个引起人们激烈争论的问题。传统的人格理论家认为，行为在不同情境中更加具有稳定性；而学习范式理论家认为，行为在各种不同情境中更加具有可变性。     

Sexual Orientation and Sexual Health Care Needs: A Comparison of Women Beneficiaries in Outpatient Military Health Care Settings

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study are to compare the sexual concerns, interest and experiences in discussing these concerns with their doctor for women of “Only Men” and “Some to Only Women” sexual orientation. A survey was mailed to women patients from two military outpatient settings, with 1,196 women responding. Of eligible respondents (N = 1,170), 90% reported “Only Men” and 10% reported “Some to Only Women” sexual orientation. Sexual concerns varied by sexual orientation, while interest and experience in discussing sexual concerns and desire for physicians to initiate the topic differed minimally. Women with “Some to Only Women” sexual orientation have both similar and differing sexual concerns compared to “male-only” oriented women. Larger primary care patient-based studies of sexual health care needs of sexual minorities are needed.     

融资过程中管理者的羊群效应分析——基于中美股市IPO数据的研究

以管理者对对象来研究羊群行为,在对有关投资者羊群行为研究文献进行分析的基础上,提出了一种度量管理者羊群效应的指标,然后结合中美市场IPO行为进行了实证。结果表明,中美证券市场的IPO发行过程中都存在一定程度的羊群效应,相对来说,中国证券市场的IPO行为羊群效应程度更强。     

The Evolution of Male-Male Sexual Behavior in Humans

Abstract

This paper examines male-male sexual behavior from an evolutionary perspective. I begin with a discussion of the major difficulties associated with the scientific study of homosexuality and a clarification of some concepts in human sexuality and evolutionary psychology. Following is a presentation of several established evolutionary theories of homosexuality and a critique of their major assumptions. Based on common patterns of male-male sexual behavior in humans identified by anthropologists, I argue that the evolutionary origin of male-male sexual behavior is based on the same dominance-submission mechanisms that gave rise to male-female sexual behavior. Further, I argue that male-male sexual behavior evolved more fully in human males than in other primate males because male-male alliances played a greater role in human male reproductive success. Specifically, male-male sexual behavior is speculated to be an exaptation of the sociosexual behavior used by primates to establish, regulate, and maintain relationships. It is posited that same-sex sexual behavior in human males reinforced alliances that contributed directly to male survival and indirectly to male reproduction. This alliance theory of the evolution of male-male sexual behavior is compatible with broader current theory on human evolution. The same neurological mechanism theorized to be involved in male-female sexual attraction and behavior is purported to mediate male-male sexual attraction and behavior. Finally, I argue that exclusive same-sex attraction in human males is due to an interaction between genetic, cultural, developmental and psychological factors. doi:10.1300/J056v18n04_02     

Asymptotic Throughput in Discrete‐Time Cyclic Networks with Queue‐Length‐Dependent Service Rates

Abstract

For a discrete‐time closed cyclic network of single server queues whose service rates are non‐decreasing in the queue length, we compute the queue‐length distribution at each node in terms of throughputs of related networks. For the asymptotic analysis, we consider sequences of networks where the number of nodes grows to infinity, service rates are taken only from a fixed finite set of non‐decreasing sequences, the ratio of customers to nodes has a limit, and the proportion of nodes for each possible service‐rate sequence has a limit. Under these assumptions, the asymptotic throughput exists and is calculated explicitly. Furthermore, the asymptotic queue‐length distribution at any node can be obtained in terms of the asymptotic throughput. The asymptotic throughput, regarded as a function of the limiting customer‐to‐node ratio, is strictly increasing for ratios up to a threshold value (possibly infinite) and is constant thereafter. For ratios less than the threshold, the asymptotic queue‐length distribution at each node has finite moments of all orders. However, at or above the threshold, bottlenecks (nodes with asymptotically‐infinite mean queue length) do occur, and we completely characterize such nodes.