论新闻计算句子长短的句子标准

新闻语体的句子应该比其他语体的句子短，这是由新闻的易读性决定的。但是目前的一些新闻语言研究中，统计出的句子比其他语体的句子还要长几倍。一些新闻语言研究中同时以单句和复句为单位。单句和复句在语法结构上不是同一层级的语言单位，同时作为计算单位，是违反逻辑的。语法系统中，小句是基本的句子，是传递信息的基本单位。新闻语言研究中也应以小句为计算单位。     

危重病性多发性周围神经病与肌病的临床及肌电图探讨

目的探讨危重病性多发性神经病与肌病的临床、电生理特点。方法对6例危重病性多发性神经病与肌病患者的临床资料、肌电图结果进行分析。结果患者均因严重感染等基础疾病转入ICU,均进行气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸,6例患者均出现四肢基本对称的肌力下降、感觉异常及腱反射减弱。肌电图结果示四肢周围神经的运动及感觉复合电位波幅明显下降或引不出,4例患者同时合并肌病样改变。结论危重病性多发性神经病与肌病是重症患者气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸后常见的并发症,电生理检查有助于本病的诊断,早期认识及治疗本病与预后关系很大。     

RESEARCH NOTE Some evidence against the assumption that approval of family planning is associated with frequency of spouses' discussion of the subject

Much previous work on the relationship between respondent's reported frequency of discussion with spouse about family planning and correctness of reporting spouse's approval of family planning has led to the conclusion that discussion promotes approval. In this paper, data from the 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys are used to show that a focus on the relationship between frequency of discussion and correctness of reporting partner's disapproval of family planning leads to sceptical conclusions about the effects of discussion in improving knowledge of partner's attitude or in promoting approval.     

新课程背景下大学人文教育的思考--全日制高校通用教材《大学语文》存在的不足与对策

指出并分析全日制高校通用教材<大学语文>存在的六大问题,包括课文是清一色的短篇且与现行基础教育阶段语文教科书有较多重复篇目;对选文的相关知识缺乏必要的详细介绍;对"提示"和"思考与练习"的编制思路欠妥;缺乏高层次语文能力训练设计;缺乏配套学习软件;各单元整合性不足.在此基础上,提出进一步完善该教材的七条建议,包括增设各单元综论部分;重编重组精读部分;设置专题拓展略读部分;设计单元专题表达与交流活动;使用符号系统;开发大学语文教学软件;按大单元制结构模式编排教材内容.     

Comparative Potency Method for Cancer Risk Assessment: Application to Diesel Particulate Emissions1

An estimation of the human lung cancer “unit risk” from diesel engine particulate emissions has been made using a comparative potency approach. This approach involves evaluating the tumorigenic and mutagenic potencies of the particulates from four diesel and one gasoline engine in relation to other combustion and pyrolysis products (coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke) that cause lung cancer in humans. The unit cancer risk is predicated on the linear nonthreshold extrapolation model and is the individual lifetime excess lung cancer risk from continuous exposure to 1 μg carcinogen per m³ inhaled air. The human lung cancer unit risks obtained from the epidemiologic data for coke oven workers, roofing tar applicators, and cigarette smokers were, respectively, 9.3 × 10^?4, 3.6 × 10^?4, and 2.2 × 10^?6 per μg particulate organics per m³ air. The comparative potencies of these three materials and the diesel and gasoline engine exhaust particulates (as organic extracts) were evaluated by in vivo tumorigenicity bioassays involving skin initiation and skin carcinogenicity in SENCAR mice and by the in vitro bioassays that proved suitable for this analysis: Ames Salmonella microsome bioassay, L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell mutagenesis bioassay, and sister chromatid exchange bioassay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The relative potencies of the coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke emissions, as determined by the mouse skin initiation assay, were within a factor of 2 of those determined using the epidemiologic data. The relative potencies, from the in vitro bioassays as compared to the human data, were similar for coke oven and roofing tar, but for the cigarette smoke condensate the in vitro tests predicted a higher relative potency. The mouse skin initiation bioassay was used to determine the unit lung cancer risk for the most potent of the diesel emissions. Based on comparisons with coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke, the unit cancer risk averaged 4.4 × 10^?4. The unit lung cancer risks for the other, less potent motor-vehicle emissions were determined from their comparative potencies relative to the most potent diesel using three in vitro bioassays. There was a high correlation between the in vitro and in vivo bioassays in their responses to the engine exhaust particulate extracts. The unit lung cancer risk per μg particulates per m³ for the automotive diesel and gasoline exhaust particulates ranged from 0.20 × 10^?4 to 0.60 × 10^?4; that for the heavy-duty diesel engine was 0.02 × 10^?4. These unit risks provide the basis for a future assessment of human lung cancer risks when combined with human population exposure to automotive emissions.     

论汉语字、词、词素的本位问题

汉语文的"字"虽然很特殊,但汉语文的历史发展又使词和词素概念成为必要。古汉语基本结构单位以单音形式为主,是一种字、词、词素三位一体的"字本位语言";现代汉语的基本结构单位以复音形式为主,是一种字、词、词素有别的"词本位语言"。当前的字本位理论是向古汉语的回归,不适应"词本位"的现代汉语;其"字"、"字组"概念所指歧异,不符合荀子提出的"善名"标准。恰当的选择仍应是让字、词、词素之名鼎足三分,各行其道。现代语言科学理应面向当今。     

交通事业单位预算管理方式研究

针对我国交通事业单位在预算编制目标、预算编制方式中存在的问题,通过对国外预算编制方式的比较,就我国交通事业单位预算管理在预算编制目标确定、预算控制组织构建、预算控制方式和预算管理方法等方面提出了建设性的意见,以加强交通事业单位预算管理。     

认识活动辩证运动的逻辑起点：认识角度——认识活动辩证运动新论

认识活动“自己构成自己的道路” ,是由自身内在矛盾推动的辩证运动过程。实践对认识的决定作用必须通过制约和影响认识自身的内在矛盾才能实现。认识活动辩证运动的内在逻辑线索 ,是认识活动由其历史与逻辑统一的起点经中介条件向真理性认识结论辩证运动、系统演进的过程。为逻辑分析的需要 ,我们将这样的过程称之为一个“认识单元”。作为认识活动辩证运动的逻辑起点的认识角度及其丰富的内在规定性 ,在理论形态内在角度分析的方法论意义。     

悬置共面波导的特性阻抗

悬置共面波导兼有鳍线和悬置带线的优点。文中用共形变换技术分析悬置共面波导，得到严格的解，考虑有限厚度基片情况下给出了悬置共面波导的有效介电常数，单位长度电容和特性阻抗的闭合表达式。     

劳务派遣劳动关系的法律界定

劳务派遣劳动关系具有复杂性与特殊性，对劳务派遣劳动关系作出科学准确的界定具有重要的理论与实践意义。在劳务派遣中，派遣工既与派遣单位形成劳动关系，又与用工单位形成劳动关系，但其实质仍为一重劳动关系。劳动者与两个用人单位共同形成一个劳动关系，派遣单位、用工单位作为雇主方共同参与到这一劳动关系中。