Additional comparisons of designs to estimate variance components in a two-way classification model

In this paper, the research of Muse and Anderson is extended to include additional comparisons of designs, featuring planned unbalance, for the estimation of variance components in a two-way cross classification model. Their results are extended to Include the following: (i) a small sample study of the original off-diagonal (OD) design and (ii) an asymptotic maximum likelihood investigation of three modifica-tions of the balanced diagonal rectangles (BD) design and one modification of the 01) design to permit the estimation of row, column, interaction and error variance components. Also a general iterative least.     

Ecological Community Structure Analyses in the Formulation,Implementation, and Enforcement of Law and Policy

Most of what is currently known about ecosystems derives from two sources: comprehensive studies by classical ecologists and economically motivated studies by resource specialists. The former have traditionally concentrated on natural or long-undisturbed ecosystems, the latter on those few species in managed or polluted ecosystems that are harvested, hunted, or fished. A recent genre of legislation, drafted with insight provided by the scientific community, recognizes the dearth of ecological information on managed or polluted communities (which are becoming far more ubiquitous and important) and dramatically raises the requirements for comprehensive data and data analyses to guide managerial and pollution abatement policies. This paper describes several important current efforts to use ecological community structure analyses to implement and enforce such legislation and some effects of such analyses on environmental policy.     

Optimal Estimation of a Finite Population Total Under Randomized Response Surveys

Problems of estimation of a finite population total of a variable of sensitive in nature are studied under randomized response (RR) surveys. Some optimal sampling strategies are presented under different superpopulation models.     

Alternative Methods of Estimating the Likelihood Ratio in Classification of Multivariate Normal Observations

An observation is to be classified into one of two multivariate normal distributions with equal covariance matrices. When the parameters are unknown, four methods of estimating the likelihood ratio, that is, the plug-in method, the test procedure, the Bayesian approach, and the best invariant estimate method, are reviewed. The assumptions, interpretations, and consequences of the four approaches are given. It is shown that the last three methods yield the same classification procedure.     

试论中国古典诗词的风格分类

在浩如烟海的古典诗词中 ,不同作家的不同作品呈现出不同的风格特征 ,这些风格特征又存在着某些联结点和一致性 ,依据这些联结点和一致性可以将古典诗词的风格进行分析归类。大体说来 ,古典诗词的风格可分为雄浑、婉约、平淡、典雅四类     

词的定类方法

词的分类和定类是词类问题的两个方面 ,两者密切相关 ,相辅相成。现代汉语词的定类方法有 :形态标志法 ;语素扩展法 ;同类比较法 ;结构变换法 ;逻辑判断法     

语境分析与语言教学取向

语言的意义不仅来自于词汇和语法，而且还依赖于一定的语言环境－语境。语境不同，使用的语言和所获得的语境意义也不同，语言形式所表达的意义与是不可分割的，独立于语境之处的语言是不能表达任何意义的。为此，培养学生的语言交际能力和理解能力必须适当地分析语境含义，才能切实有效地培养和提高学生的语言素质。     

Further applications of bias to discriminant analysis

This article extends the biased minimum x² rule to the unequal covariance matrix case and to the case of several populations, The biased procedure is shown to improve the performance of the commonly used classification procedures. Results of sampling experiments over a broad range of conditions are provided to demonstrate this improvement.     

Discriminant analyses of peanut allergy severity scores

Peanut allergy is one of the most prevalent food allergies. The possibility of a lethal accidental exposure and the persistence of the disease make it a public health problem. Evaluating the intensity of symptoms is accomplished with a double blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), which scores the severity of reactions and measures the dose of peanut that elicits the first reaction. Since DBPCFC can result in life-threatening responses, we propose an alternate procedure with the long-term goal of replacing invasive allergy tests. Discriminant analyses of DBPCFC score, the eliciting dose and the first accidental exposure score were performed in 76 allergic patients using 6 immunoassays and 28 skin prick tests. A multiple factorial analysis was performed to assign equal weights to both groups of variables, and predictive models were built by cross-validation with linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbours, classification and regression trees, penalized support vector machine, stepwise logistic regression and AdaBoost methods. We developed an algorithm for simultaneously clustering eliciting dose values and selecting discriminant variables. Our main conclusion is that antibody measurements offer information on the allergy severity, especially those directed against rAra-h1 and rAra-h3. Further independent validation of these results and the use of new predictors will help extend this study to clinical practices.