从认知视角看日语量词的使用特点

本稿通过对日语量词"本"所描述对象和日语中鱼类所用量词的考察,认为日语量词的使用具有两个鲜明的特点:(1)多个名词使用同一个量词;(2)同一名词使用多个量词。这反映了人类通过量词对外界的分类,既有极其抽象、概括的一面,也有详细描述的一面。它们相辅相成,共同构成了丰富多彩的语言表达。     

从唐石刻看量词“事”的产生及其发展演变

通过梳理唐代石刻材料,还原"事"在唐代作量词使用的真实面貌,并从历时角度探讨唐以后其发展状况以及消失的原因,以期对古汉语量词研究有所裨益。     

汉语个体表量结构“数+匹+名”的语法化研究

基于CCL语料库数据,从语义发展和句法环境两个角度考查汉语个体表量结构“数+匹+名”的语法化历程。研究发现:1）“数+匹+名”结构经历了三个语法化阶段,包括零量词阶段、准量词阶段和标准量词阶段;2）类推和重新分析是该结构语法化的重要机制,“匹”字的语义发展及它所在的句法环境的变化是该结构语法化的根本动因。     

含双向表量成分施事主语句的歧义理解因素

含双向表量成分的施事主语句是配给构式,当主语的数词大于"一"时,可以分化为双重下位构式:A、(言者主语+指令动词)+分配对象集合+配给动作+分配事物集合.B、(言者主语+指令动词)+分配对象集合中的个体+配给动作+分配事物集合.A类构式主语和宾语之间的数量关系是对应关系,B类构式是乘积关系,二者的差异是常规分配和特殊分配这两种不同分配方法造成的.从构式语块来看,配给对象是施行和受动的统一体,具有指称性和数目性双重意义,配给动词主要是自主动词中的及物动词,表现出非动态性特点.典型的配给句是非现实句.     

An analytical study of the classification of highly skewed data

This article proposes a discriminant function and an algorithm to analyze the data addressing the situation, where the data are positively skewed. The performance of the suggested algorithm based on the suggested discriminant function (LNDF) has been compared with the conventional linear discriminant function (LDF) and quadratic discriminant function (QDF) as well as with the nonparametric support vector machine (SVM) and the Random Forests (RFs) classifiers, using real and simulated datasets. A maximum reduction of approximately 81% in the error rates as compared to QDF for ten-variate data was noted. The overall results are indicative of better performance of the proposed discriminant function under certain circumstances.     

论近代汉语“个”前“一”的隐现问题——以《醒世姻缘传》为例

通过以《醒世姻缘传》为例探讨近代汉语＂个＂前＂一＂的隐现问题发现：＂个＂可以分为量词＂个＂和非量词＂个＂,除了在个别特殊结构中必须显现外,非量词＂个＂前的＂一＂一般隐省。量词＂个＂前＂一＂的隐现与句法结构有关,＂一个＂或＂一个＋NP＂前没有支配性或限制性成分时,则＂一＂必须显现;＂一个＂或＂一个＋NP＂前有支配性或限制性成分时,则＂一＂可以隐省。     

一类优化的BP网络分类器的设计

从实用、经济和高效的角度出发 ,提出了一种优化BP神经网络分类器的设计与实现方案 ,它具有较好的模块性 ,可移植性以及透明性。对于各种模式识别的情况 ,它具有一定的实用和参考价值     

Rank-Based Classification Using Robust Discriminant Functions

The Pareto distribution model assumption in the peaks over threshold method, will be tested by making using of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness of fit method. Pareto distributed variables can be transformed to exponential, and the test will be for exponentiality. It was found that the statistic can be used as an indication of where to choose the threshold and to check the Pareto model assumption.     

Tilting methods for assessing the influence of components in a classifier

Summary.  Many contemporary classifiers are constructed to provide good performance for very high dimensional data. However, an issue that is at least as important as good classification is determining which of the many potential variables provide key information for good decisions. Responding to this issue can help us to determine which aspects of the datagenerating mechanism (e.g. which genes in a genomic study) are of greatest importance in terms of distinguishing between populations. We introduce tilting methods for addressing this problem. We apply weights to the components of data vectors, rather than to the data vectors themselves (as is commonly the case in related work). In addition we tilt in a way that is governed by L ₂-distance between weight vectors, rather than by the more commonly used Kullback–Leibler distance. It is shown that this approach, together with the added constraint that the weights should be non-negative, produces an algorithm which eliminates vector components that have little influence on the classification decision. In particular, use of the L ₂-distance in this problem produces properties that are reminiscent of those that arise when L ₁-penalties are employed to eliminate explanatory variables in very high dimensional prediction problems, e.g. those involving the lasso. We introduce techniques that can be implemented very rapidly, and we show how to use bootstrap methods to assess the accuracy of our variable ranking and variable elimination procedures.     

英汉表量结构中物量词的隐喻构建机制

从历时和共时的角度证明隐喻认知在英汉表量结构物量词的建构过程中的重要作用。在从共时角度分析英汉表量结构的隐喻现象的同时,试图对其中的物量词与名词之间的异常搭配现象作简要归纳。主要归纳出两类隐喻性的异常搭配现象:一是映射型名量搭配,一是错位型名量搭配,它们分别反映出不同的隐喻认知构建机制。