When the Learning Disabled Go to College

Abstract

During the last decade, federal laws have provided for remedial education in elementary and secondary schools for students with learning disabilities, preparing large numbers of them for college. Federal law also mandates helping learning-disabled students with their needs once they matriculate. Declining numbers of high school graduates in the aftermath of the baby boom have made more colleges open their doors to these students. The disabilities, and the accommodations they require, arrive in college with the rest of a student's baggage, demanding attention. Colleges and universities have chosen a variety of approaches, from specific remedial programs and individual accomodations according to need to more general programs. Some colleges pretend these disabilities do not exist and seem oblivious to their presence on campus. Learning disabilities can have an impact in every class and lecture hall and can contribute to unhappiness and the college's attrition rate. On the other hand, responsive and responsible programs provide students with the resources for the same education, honors, and opportunities as their nondisabled peers.     

A Quality Risk Management Model Approach for Cell Therapy Manufacturing

International regulatory authorities view risk management as an essential production need for the development of innovative, somatic cell‐based therapies in regenerative medicine. The available risk management guidelines, however, provide little guidance on specific risk analysis approaches and procedures applicable in clinical cell therapy manufacturing. This raises a number of problems. Cell manufacturing is a poorly automated process, prone to operator‐introduced variations, and affected by heterogeneity of the processed organs/tissues and lot‐dependent variability of reagent (e.g., collagenase) efficiency. In this study, the principal challenges faced in a cell‐based product manufacturing context (i.e., high dependence on human intervention and absence of reference standards for acceptable risk levels) are identified and addressed, and a risk management model approach applicable to manufacturing of cells for clinical use is described for the first time. The use of the heuristic and pseudo‐quantitative failure mode and effect analysis/failure mode and critical effect analysis risk analysis technique associated with direct estimation of severity, occurrence, and detection is, in this specific context, as effective as, but more efficient than, the analytic hierarchy process. Moreover, a severity/occurrence matrix and Pareto analysis can be successfully adopted to identify priority failure modes on which to act to mitigate risks. The application of this approach to clinical cell therapy manufacturing in regenerative medicine is also discussed.     

Inference in Targeted Group‐Sequential Covariate‐Adjusted Randomized Clinical Trials

This article is devoted to the construction and asymptotic study of adaptive, group‐sequential, covariate‐adjusted randomized clinical trials analysed through the prism of the semiparametric methodology of targeted maximum likelihood estimation. We show how to build, as the data accrue group‐sequentially, a sampling design that targets a user‐supplied optimal covariate‐adjusted design. We also show how to carry out sound statistical inference based on such an adaptive sampling scheme (therefore extending some results known in the independent and identically distributed setting only so far), and how group‐sequential testing applies on top of it. The procedure is robust (i.e. consistent even if the working model is mis‐specified). A simulation study confirms the theoretical results and validates the conjecture that the procedure may also be efficient.     

Response to Amundson,Lux and Hindmarch: Critique of Investigative Practices Article

ABSTRACT

This article responds to a commentary by Amundson, Lux and Hindmarch (2005), in which they offer a pejorative criticism about our article (Austin & Kirkpatrick, 2004) in which we described the investigative component within comprehensive child custody evaluations–something they label as “maximalist” evaluations and contrast with a model they prefer called the “minimalist” approach. We believe our approach to custody evaluations is in keeping with the current standard of practice and professional guidelines.     

南京政府时期中医师开业管理办法初论

从 193 6年 1月《中医条例》颁布到 1947年 8月《修正医师法草案》公布 ,十余年间 ,南京政府有关行政管理部门在先后出台的一系列有关中医的政策与法规中 ,陆续制定了一些中医师开业管理办法 ,形成“申请中医师证书———请求注册 ,领取开业执照———加入所在地区医师公会———开业”开业模式。这一模式符合现代管理趋势 ,有一定的借鉴意义     

影响中医学现代化的因素浅析

目前中医学现代化的脚步十分缓慢 ,加快中医学现代化已成为刻不容缓的问题。从历史和现实等多方面探讨影响中医学现代化的外部因素和内部因素 ,为加快中医学现代化提供参考     

试论阴阳自和对现代医学发展的意义

从哲学和中医学的角度来论述阴阳自和的理论,并从医学模式、病因学、养生学和治疗学等方面阐述其对现代医学的发展有着现实和深远的意义。     

试谈“气”与“象”范畴的深刻内涵与中医学发展的广阔前景

“气”范畴为中国古代学术的伟大发现 ,古希腊的原子论仅具有哲学意义 ,而“气”则从一开始就既具有哲学意义 ,又具有科学的应用价值。“气”是中医学的立足之根 ,但对气的认识目前还停留在比较浅显的阶段 ,终有一天 ,中国古代的“气”概念得到挖掘和阐发 ,将可以跃升为具有现代或后现代意义的科学理论。“象”的实质是气 ,是气的流动。中医学以“象”为依据 ,来理解人体构造和生命机理 ,这与西医学以形体为本质不同 ,在整体层面上又高于以形体为本质对人的研究 ,使中医学比长于把握事物的静态类别的西医学 ,在把握动态的个别方面 ,具有优势 ,这就是中医辨证论治能够因人制宜并使药物的副作用减少到最低限度的原因 ,这种治疗上的成功在科学方法论层次上具有重大意义。因此说 ,中医学因为有自己深刻的理论和科学方法论 ,从而它的发展根本上不是对西医式的物理化学模型的还原 ,而是有着特殊的广阔远景 ,甚至对现代科学的发展都有着重要的启示意义。     

Search for Unity: Will the Real Practicing Sociologist Please Stand Up?

In this presidential address given at the Unity 2000 Meeting held in Bethesda, Maryland, I briefly identify and define various types of applied side sociologists. My objective was twofold. First, I wanted to express my appreciation for the necessity of organizational cooperation. Second, I wanted to demonstrate that diversity among practitioners and by association representative organizations is a strength not a weakness. I conclude by identifying six collaborative paths these representative organizations could take to promote unity.     

骨科教学改革的对策与思考

以骨科教学为例,分析了当前教学中的困惑和思考①落后的教材与日益更新的诊疗技术;②应试教育的现实与素质教育的理想;③传统教学手段的根深蒂固与先进教学方法的大胆尝试;④"灌输式”教学的质疑与"创新性”教学的期盼.作者提出了对策.