衔接与连贯理论的回顾

英国语言学家韩礼德于1962年首次提出衔接这一概念,之后语言学家们对衔接的定义以及衔接与连贯之间的关系都提出了自己不同的观点与理解。本文对衔接与连贯的概念、关系进行了理论的回顾与评述。     

英语语篇的衔接和连贯及其美学意境

本文试尝用语篇学理论从审美的角度对语言的各个层面包括语音、词汇、句子和段落的衔接手段和连贯特点加以分析。全文分为四部分:第一部分讨论英语语音中的头韵、韵脚等形式的衔接和连贯以及美学效果。第二部分对词汇链和产生的语义连贯及其审美效果进行了探讨。第三部分涉及由句子的并列结构、反诘问句等衔接手段构成的语义接续或递进以及它们形成的连贯气势和动态的美感。文章最后对语段衔接的重要手段——标识语的组篇功能和空间跨度以及该跨度形成的变化节奏进行了分析。     

制服设计与时尚

现代社会,制服已成为社会服饰的重要组成部分.时尚使服装设计充满活力,作为服装设计的一个分支,制服设计也应重视时尚,与时尚相融合.如今的制服设计在款式上更加突出美感,领型更加时尚化,口袋设计更为考究实用,色彩更趋于流行色,面料日益精良.制服设计要展现时代魅力,更要在重视物质文化设计的同时,注重服饰精神文化特征的显现,创造形神同构的设计境界.     

共享存储型MIMD的几个问题

并行处理是提高计算机性能的有效手段,也是新一代计算机的结构特征,本文详细分析了共享存储型MIMD的几个问题,即:互连方式、cache一致性、可伸缩性等。     

论语篇连贯机制

基于认知语用学理论,可以构拟一个存在于认知中并投射到语篇上去的连贯模型。此模型含交际意图和语篇结构组成的宏观连贯以及由认知次序、衔接机制和主-述位推进模式组成的微观连贯。适当使用这一模型,可以解释不同类型语篇的连贯,也使连贯作为术语区别于其他相关概念。     

论话语连贯的特征与阐释标准

文章在分析了连贯的二元性特征的基础上,试图从语言形式、语用环境和认知心理三个方面来建立连贯的三个阐释标准。认为,如果连贯表现为话语内确定的、显性的、客观的语言特征,对连贯的阐释就是要揭示话语表面的构建规律,连贯研究则遵循语言结构标准。如果连贯表现为话语外不确定的、隐性的、主观的现象,那么连贯研究不仅要从语用环境去分析构成连贯的要素,而且还要从交际者大脑的认知环境去揭示连贯的内部机制,这就是阐释话语连贯的语用学标准和认知标准。这三个标准是系统阐释话语连贯时应遵循的准则,它们并不相互排斥、相互矛盾,而是相互补充的。     

Salutogenic qualities of midwifery care: A best-fit framework synthesis

BackgroundAlthough midwifery care is wellness-based and promotes normal physiology, it exists within a medical model that focuses on risk aversion and disease prevention. Salutogenic theory could provide an alternative approach to midwifery care, supporting health-promoting factors, rather than solely avoiding adverse events.AimsThe aim of this study was to explore women’s experiences of their midwifery care and identify salutogenic aspects of midwifery care.MethodsBest-fit framework synthesis was used to analyse 349 quotes about women’s experiences of midwifery care from 31 qualitative studies in ten high-income countries. Key salutogenic concepts of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness were used as the basis for coding, and thematic analysis was used to expand and clarify the framework to best fit the data.FindingsDefinitions for the salutogenic aspects of midwifery care were developed. Comprehensibility (cognitive aspects of health): ways that midwives help women increase predictability and preparation during childbearing through apredictable caregiver, a predictable system and preparation for an unpredictable experience. Manageability (behavioural aspects of health): ways that midwives enhance and support a woman’s internal resilience, adding extra support when needed, and strengthen women’s external resources through connections to family, community and specialist care. Meaningfulness (emotional/spiritual aspects of health): ways that midwives encourage the commitment and engagement of childbearing women by providing care through a personalised relationship, by cultivating a woman’s autonomy.ConclusionFindings of this study may be used to further research into ways that salutogenic theory can bring a health and wellness-focused agenda to midwifery policy and practice.     

Work-related factors associated with psychological distress among social workers

The current study assesses the association between several work-related factors and psychological distress among social workers (SWs) in Israel. The data were collected through structured questionnaires, administered to a sample of 494 SWs. The findings suggest that most of the examined work-related factors (namely, years of professional experience, personal work-related subjection to violence, burnout, compassion fatigue, and sense of coherence), with the exception of compassion satisfaction, significantly predicted psychological distress among SWs. The conclusion is that it is important to embed within the social work practice strategies for reducing sources of psychological distress (job demands) and increasing material, professional, and personal resources. Reducing the levels of psychological distress experienced by SWs will benefit not only themselves, but also their families and colleagues, as well as their clients. Moreover, this has potential benefits for the social work profession and for the general community.     

Measuring long‐term trends in policy coherence for development

This article measures long term trends in policy coherence for development. Based on result chains, it develops a counterfactual methodology, and then applies it to assess changes in inputs, outputs and outcomes over time. While the literature does not indicate any significant change in policy coherence for development over the last decade, this research finds that, if the time scale is lengthened to 50 years, an overall increase in policy coherence for development of the Dutch government, vis‐à‐vis the DR Congo, in the domains of finance and security, can be detected. These changes in policy coherence for development inputs seem to have contributed, in conjunction with similar policies from other countries, in some instances, to positive outcomes in the DRC.     

Pre-employment antecedents of health resources, job factors and health risk behaviour in men and women

The role of individual factors in youth as predictors of adult health resources, job factors and health risk behaviour was studied in men and women. The studied health risk behaviours were smoking, use of alcohol and sedentary behaviour. Sense of coherence (SOC) was the used measure of adult health resources. The pre-employment data had been collected from a sample of 1084 subjects representative of Finnish youth at the mean age of 12 years. For this follow-up study, 345 women and 361 men, working in Finland, responded to a questionnaire at the mean age of 36 years. In the analyses of structural relationships, individual factors in youth were related to adult variables for both sexes, although only two consistent relationships were found for women: outgoing, social activities in youth predicted adult smoking and use of alcohol. Of the job factors, low job demands were related to smoking and lack of support at work was related to sedentary behaviour in women. The strong relationships of SOC with perceptions of social support and influence at work for both sexes characterized its role in health-promoting experiences at work, and supported its importance as a general health resource.