Emotional labour,collectivism and strain: a comparison of Turkish and U.S. service employees

ABSTRACT

Global growth in service employment highlights the need to understand how cross-cultural differences impact emotional labour processes for service employees. The current study investigates these differences by examining the impact of national and individual level collectivistic values on emotional labour strategies and employee strain (emotional strain, turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organisational commitment). Cross-sectional data was collected from U.S. (n?=?191) and Turkish (n?=?249) customer service employees. Results indicate that collectivism impacts the process model of emotional labour via direct and interaction effects. Collectivism was associated with higher emotional labour engagement and lower employee strains. Surface acting was uncorrelated with Turkish employees’ strain, though moderated regression analyses revealed interaction effects associated with national and individual level collectivism. These results suggest that collectivistic values may serve as a buffer against harmful effects associated with surface acting. This study is the first to directly compare emotional labour processes in U.S. and Turkish service employees and expand the process model of emotional labour to include collectivism. The theoretical implications of this expanded model are discussed, along with future research directions and practical applications of these findings.     

基于集体主义与个体主义价值观的中美思维模式的反思

集体主义和个体主义体现了两种不同文化模式的价值取向,揭示了个体与群体在利益分配和目标取舍层面上的文化心理倾向。研究以中国文化和美国文化为对比基础,以集体主义和个体主义为讨论对象,从文化价值观的角度展开。研究表明在个体与集体的关系中,基于利益选择优先性的差异而形成的集体主义和个体主义在思维方式,面子,社会人情关系,隐私观念、责任意识和成功标准等方面存在明显的差异。中国的集体主义文化可以描述为＂好大喜小,内实外虚＂。美国的个体主义价值观崇尚个人奋斗,尊重个体的权利,提倡个人对个人的社会关系等。本研究指出中美不同的价值观塑造了中国的太极式思维和美国线形思维模式,这两种截然不同的思维方式决定了集体主义和个体主义价值观以不同的方式和程度存在于东西方文化中。在跨文化交际中,必须挖掘和认可差异,减少文化中心主义对交际的消极影响,倡导具有全球普世价值意义的价值,减少误解,提高跨文化交际的效果。     

大学生音乐素养提升的有效途径——合唱

合唱艺术代表着一个国家民众的文化艺术素质,体现了时代的精神面貌。合唱是人们喜闻乐见的一种音乐表现形式。当前,中国教育体制正在由应试教育向素质教育转变,其中,提高大学生音乐素质是素质教育工程的重要组成部分,而运用合唱艺术来提高大学生音乐素质是非常有效的方式。合理组织合唱教学和在校园文化活动中有效运用合唱艺术是提高大学生音乐素养的重要途径。     

罗国杰与当代中国伦理学的正题法则——伦理道德与好制度的相互涵养与推行

罗国杰先生的伦理学的理论和实践探索构成了一种“智库型”的伦理学,是一种资政建言的良知之学。他关于伦理学“正人心”的论断是对中国伦理学正题法则的经典表述,其意义体现在集体主义原则的确立和系统化阐释,其正题之“正”在于用集体主义道德滋养好制度,法则之“则”在于强调：道德更需要用好制度来推行。     

论集体主义原则对整体主义思想的超越

整体主义思想在西方历史上有着深厚的思想基础 ,表现出宗族、家族整体主义和地区、集团整体主义 ,民族、国家整体主义 ,地球、人类整体主义等多种历史形态 ,并成为无产阶级集体主义思想的重要理论来源 ,但集体主义原则与整体主义思想有着质的区别 ,这使得社会主义集体原则对早期整体主义思想有着无比的先进性 ,是种巨大的精神超越     

社会主义市场经济道德建设

本文以马克思主义、毛泽东思想的集体主义价值观为前提 ,评价了市场经济条件下的多元化道德观及其层面 ,探讨道德重构的基本内容及实现途径 ,包括道德张力与高低均衡、不同层次道德的合理安排、低层次道德缺位与重建、道德“无序状态”的超越 ,以及建立新的道德评价标准等。     

费尔巴哈道德观的现实思考

费尔巴哈道德观以"积极的利己主义"为核心,认为利己是人的永恒本性,为了实现自己的利己主义,就必须同时考虑别人的利己主义,做到合理地节制自己和对人以爱.费尔巴哈只看到人的生物性,不理解人的社会性,其道德观是不科学的.但是,费尔巴哈道德观强调物质利益对道德的基础性地位,强调整体的"类"的利己主义,借鉴其积极因素,有助于克服传统的"超功利主义"和一般的利己主义的消极影响,澄清人们在道德中间地带的迷惘,逐步达到集体主义境界.     

社会主义公共行政的集体主义价值观探讨

集体主义价值观是我国社会主义公共行政的思想基础,它的根基是"集体本位",核心是"为人民服务"。以集体利益———国家和社会的整体利益为本是我国社会主义公共行政的根本宗旨。社会主义公共行政应当坚持集体主义价值观,以对集体价值的追求为主导,同时充分尊重和保护对个人价值的追求,达到集体与个人的和谐发展,这也是社会主义公共行政在处理诸多社会矛盾关系中必须遵循的原则。公共行政人员必须自觉地把集体主义价值观作为人生追求的目标,真正成为中国最广大人民群众根本利益的忠实代表。     

The social contract revisited: a re-examination of the influence individualistic and collectivistic value systems have on the psychological wellbeing of young people

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of psychological health problems experienced by young people living in Western societies is increasing. Evidence suggests the cultural dynamism of individualism may play a role in this, but this evidence is conflicting. Here, we focus on both the concepts of individualism and collectivism, distinguishing between their horizontal and vertical dimensions. We examine the influence of these dimensions on the psychological wellbeing of a sample of 507 Australian emerging adults (aged 18–25). We found that orientations towards vertical (but not horizontal) individualism predicted lower levels of psychological wellbeing, while orientations towards horizontal (but not vertical) collectivism predicted higher psychological wellbeing. These findings add clarity to the way in which key Western social values play an understated role in the increasing prevalence of psychological health problems experienced by young people today. They also provide an understanding of how various traits embedded within these concepts relate to psychological wellbeing.     

The dependence upon context of project critical success factors: test of the contingency hypothesis and effects of technological uncertainty and collectivism culture

Abstract

Although the relationship between critical success factors (CSFs) and project performance is established, evidence regarding the dependence on the context of CSFs is patchy. To advance this field, we conduct two complementary studies. Study 1 examines contingency theory regarding managerial CSFs using survey responses (N?=?211) of project management professionals from the United Kingdom. Using survey data from projects (N?=?336) in the United Kingdom, Study 2 examines the contextual dependence of managerial CSFs in a moderated-moderation, theoretical framework whereby project technological uncertainty moderates the relationship between managerial CSFs and project execution and efficiency, and in-group collectivism culture of the executing organisation moderates the effect of technological uncertainty. Results confirm that external and internal contexts influence managerial CSFs. Managerial CSFs have a greater than expected influence on project execution and efficiency. The positive effect of managerial CSFs is weaker when technological uncertainty is high. When technological uncertainty is high, the effect of managerial CSFs strengthens as levels of in-group collectivism culture increase. However, when technological uncertainty is low, the effect of managerial CSFs weakens as levels of in-group collectivism culture increase. We discuss the managerial and theoretical implications.