美国民间基金会资助发展趋势考察

20世纪80年代以来,美国民间基金会的数量和规模都有了新的快速发展,大基金会团体连年扩展。2007年,其独立基金会、企业基金会和社区基金会的资助都在增长。2002---2004年期间,美国民间基金会的国际资助呈现增长势头。由于盖茨基金会的影响,健康在国际资助中的份额急剧增加。而新的国际资助者有更多地依靠美国本土的机构来实施其项目的趋势,削弱了直接跨边界资助的前景。尽管国际资助的前景受到众多因素的影响,美国民间基金会仍将持续的提供关键的慈善资源。     

我国基金会内部治理问题的博弈分析

基于内部利益相关者角度,基金会内部治理问题主要是如何处理好监事会与理事会的内部监督关系,以及理事会与内部办事机构的委托一代理关系。通过引入博弈论分析得出：加大对理事会失职的惩罚,对尽职的理事会和监事会皆给予一定的隐性声誉激励,有利于实现双方的混合战略纳什均衡。对内部工作人员,一方面要促进其提高工作效率;另一方面要采用效率工资并适当提高绩效奖金的显性激励与约束机制。     

从“客观性”到“规范性”——伦理规范之“基础”论证中的论题转换

伦理规范的"客观性"论证被普遍认为是其合法性与合理性论证的基础,并成为伦理学研究的中心问题之一。对作为社会的和制度性实在的伦理规范之"客观性"的分析,与对作为实践性要求的伦理规范的"规范性"特征分析,表明关于"客观性"的论证并不能解决"规范性问题",不能是关于伦理规范"基础"的根本性论证。因此,关于伦理规范基础的研究主题应该发生一种转换,从以"客观性"为中心的研究转向以"规范性"为中心的研究。     

A Community of Shared Future for Mankind—The Contemporary Development of the Social Foundations Theory of International Law*

In the traditional understanding, the social basis of the emergence and existence of international law can be summed up as an international society in which interstate conflict and cooperation and interests and contradictions coexist. In recent years, the term “international community” has been widely used in national practice and academic discourse. Many scholars believe that the development of interstate relations indicates that the international community is being transformed into a global international community. The concept of “a community of shared future for mankind” reflects China’s new understanding of the social foundations of international law. It introduces Chinese traditional culture into global governance, develops Marxist theory on the community, is concerned both for mankind as a whole and for individuals, highlights the ultimate issues of the international community, and emphasizes the international community’s union of diversity and interdependence. The idea of “a community of shared future for mankind” is of great significance for the theory and practice of international law; it reflects the emergence of methodological holism, the response of international law to the questioning of its legitimacy, and the trend toward hierarchical systematization in international law. The concept of “a community of shared future for mankind” is of great value to China’s participation in the reform of the global governance system. It will help promote appreciation of the relations between China and the world, enhance China’s international discourse power and discourse force, and promote the rule of law in international relations that China advocates.     

Organizational Identity and Philanthropic Institutions

This article proposes a framework for viewing the behavior of philanthropic institutions through the lens of organizational identity via semi‐structured interviews with twenty‐seven grantmakers representing seventeen foundations, along with content analyses of these foundations’ public documents. This empirical investigation revealed three identity profiles: agenda setter, supporter, and community builder, which capture distinct patterns in foundation strategy, operational structure, and grantmaking practices. For theory, these findings provide an alternative to the conventional view of foundation behavior along an active to passive continuum to one that suggests a role for organizational identity. For practitioners (grantmakers and grantseekers), this perspective demonstrates that there are multiple pathways through which foundations create social value, not just one definition of “best practices.” Understanding these different perspectives on social value creation can help grantmakers identify internal inconsistencies in their strategies and operations and can help grantseekers identify foundations most likely to fund their work. The article concludes with suggestions for further research to explore the extent to which this framework can advance understanding of institutional philanthropy as the field moves to challenge traditional boundaries between nonprofit foundations and private social change initiatives.     

民族主义视域中的左翼文学思潮探析

政治/阶级斗争的研究视角对于认识左翼文学思潮有很大的不适切性。从民族主义诉求的角度来观照左翼文学思潮,会发现左翼文学所蕴含的民族解放与再造的宏大主题。民族主义诉求与左翼文学思潮是以"共体"形式存在的,以往的研究者有意无意地忽视了从民族主义走进左翼文学思潮这条思维路径。     

Challenges in Indigenous philanthropy: Reporting Australian grantmakers' perspectives

This article explores views of Australian grantmakers philanthropists who give to Indigenous causes. It reports on a qualitative study undertaken as part of the Giving Australia research to elicit if and how giving to Indigenous causes differs from philanthropy to other areas. This paper builds on the scant literature, particularly reporting exploratory research results on Australian grantmaking issues, critical funding needs, and recommendations for fostering Indigenous nonprofit funding. Indigenous groups are challenged in understanding how foundations work and, conversely, foundations do not always appreciate the need for their inputs to complement traditional cultures (EGA 2006). The study found that small grants can play a key role, as could enticing and supporting new grantmakers, co‐funding, engaging Indigenous representatives in the decision making, and dispelling misconceptions of the area.     

走出几个误区树立正确的学生观

受应试教育的影响 ,在中小学教育中 ,有些人在学生观上存在着几个误区 ,认为学生要服从教师 ,好学生太少了 ,学生都是有缺点的 ,学生不会学习等。这些误区的存在各有其思想根源 ,又都不符合时代的需要 ,不利于学生的发展。当前的教育改革 ,要采取切实可行的措施 ,走出这些误区 ,树立正确的学生观     

走亲民之路 固执政之基

在20世纪的最后10年里,一些单独连续执政长达数十年的大党、老党相继失去了执政地位.引起这一令人震惊现象的根本原因是这些政党的民众基础弱化.我国新一届领导集体坚持走亲民路线,得到了广大人民群众的拥护和爱戴.这正反两方面的事例为我们加强执政党建设,扩大民众基础,巩固执政地位,提供了宝贵的经验和教训.     

Moral Aspects of Executive Leadership

This paper argues that the crisis in management is a crisis in leadership and that the heart of leadership is the moral challenge for managers to see themselves and others as colleagues and collaborators. The search for a new leadership paradigm is a call to foster the human spiritual dimension which respects the deepest concerns and values of everyone in the enterprise. Islamic beliefs and heritage provide a natural basis for transformational leadership and for implementing a paradigm shift which integrates spirituality and work. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.