洋务运动时期和明治维新时期中日科技教育之比较研究

洋务运动时期和明治维新时期是中日两国历史上的重要阶段。本文通过对洋务运动时期和明治维新时期中日两国在科技教育领域采取的措施，及为科技教育紧密联系的其它因素等方面进行分析，力图从科技教育这一侧面找出两国科技发展差距的原因，为今后中国科技的发展提供借鉴。     

大学英语语篇教学刍议

语篇教学法不同于传统教学法，它注重语篇的结构层次与阅读方式的学习、背景知识的介绍、语篇体裁的讲授、语篇层次的衔接与语篇内在结构的理解。语篇教学法注重对交际能力的培养，对学生有效地使用语言起到很重要的促进作用。     

AUTHOR INDEX

No abstract available for this article.     

Euler characteristic heuristic for approximating the distribution of the largest eigenvalue of an orthogonally invariant random matrix

The Euler characteristic heuristic has been proposed as a method for approximating the upper tail probability of the maximum of a random field with smooth sample path. When the random field is Gaussian, this method is proved to be valid in the sense that the relative approximation error is exponentially smaller. However, very little is known about the validity of the method when the random field is non-Gaussian. In this paper, as a milestone to developing the general theory about the validity of the Euler characteristic heuristic, we examine the Euler characteristic heuristic for approximating the distribution of the largest eigenvalue of an orthogonally invariant non-Gaussian random matrix. In this particular example, if the probability density function of the random matrix converges to zero sufficiently fast at the boundary of its support, the approximation error of the Euler characteristic heuristic is proved to be small and the approximation is valid. Moreover, for several standard orthogonally invariant random matrices, the approximation formula for the distribution of the largest eigenvalue and its asymptotic error are obtained explicitly. Our formulas are practical enough for the purpose of numerical calculations.     

ON AN APPROXIMATE OPTIMALITY CRITERION FOR THE DESIGN OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS UNDER SPATIAL DEPENDENCE

The design of large‐scale field trials where the residuals are correlated has been of recent interest, in large part because of advances in statistical and computational methods of analysis. The construction of designs for correlated data has typically used A‐optimality and is computationally intensive. This involves calculating the inverse of the information matrix for treatments under the supervision of an optimization strategy that explores the design space. We propose an approximation to A‐optimality, using nearest‐neighbour balance, that is less computationally demanding and can achieve at least 95% efficiency relative to A‐optimality in many practical situations.     

The Constitution of Risk Communication in Advanced Liberal Societies

This article aims to bring to the fore some of the underlying rationales that inform common conceptions of the constitution of risk communication in academic and policy communities. “Normative,”“instrumental,” and “substantive” imperatives typically employed in the utilization of risk communication are first outlined. In light of these considerations, a theoretical scheme is subsequently devised leading to the articulation of four fundamental “idealized” models of risk communication termed the “risk message” model, the “risk dialogue” model, the “risk field” model, and the “risk government” model, respectively. It is contended that the diverse conceptual foundations underlying the orientation of each model suggest a further need for a more contextualized view of risk communication that takes account not only of the strengths and limitations of different formulations and functions of risk communication, but also the underlying knowledge/power dynamics that underlie its constitution. In particular, it is hoped that the reflexive theoretical understanding presented here will help to bring some much needed conceptual clarity to academic and policy discourses about the use and utility of risk communication in advanced liberal societies.     

Social development needs assessment in China: lessons from an international collaborative field school in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region

We explore the potential for rural and urban community needs assessment research in China, particularly in response to increasing rural to urban internal migration. Models for migration and community development are presented. We identify various methods that can inform social development planning, intervention, and evaluation. A collaborative community development field school in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region was conducted with US and Chinese students and faculty. Plans for, and initial results of, a qualitative rural needs assessment are described. A semi‐structured urban resident needs assessment survey and the results of a small pilot study are presented. Challenges of international collaboration and implications and suggestions are reviewed.

本文探索了在中国农村和城市社区进行需求评估研究的潜力，特别是在回应不断增加的城乡人口流动。作者描述了各种移民和社会发展模式，并确定了几项可用于社会发展规划，干预和评估的方法。作者在广西壮族自治区建立了一所由美国和中国的学生和教员合作的社会发展田野考察学校，并描述了计划的内容和初步结果。作者在文中描述了一个评估城市居民需求的半组织性调查和一个小型试验研究的结果，并探讨国际合作所面对的挑战，影响和建议。     

佛学空性与量子论的比较研究

佛学的空性理论与量子理论对物质世界根本实相的认识是具有相似性的。两者间的相互诠释,不仅有利于对佛学空性思想的理解,也增加了对量子力学理解的维度。而且将佛学的空性理论与量子理论结合起来,对于认识真空的深层次结构,促进现代科学的发展,促进人类精神文明的建设,推动人文素质的不断提高是有现实意义的。     

陕西省田径各项群高水平运动员非智力因素比较研究

为了解田径运动各项群运动员在非智力因素各具体条目中的表现及差异,以陕西省田径高水平运动员为研究对象,采用问卷调查、访谈以及数理统计等方法,对体能主导类速度性项群、体能主导类耐力性项群、体能主导类快速力量性项群高水平运动员非智力因素水平进行了相互比较,总结了我省田径各项群高水平运动员在非智力因素方面的现实状况,同时对我省高水平田径运动员的训练提出了建议,以为进一步完善教练员对运动员的训练体系,做到有针对性的训练和提高运动员专项竞技能力提供参考。     

秦兵马俑中的“郎系统”

刘九生先生发表于《唐都学刊》2009年第2期的《秦始皇帝陵侍卫郎官俑与中国古代文明——“兵马俑”证谬》一文在学界引起很大反响。通过对秦代“郎系统”隶属、职能的梳理和论证,结合自己亲自参加和经历的秦陵兵马俑的考古发掘和观察,对刘九生先生关于“兵马俑”证谬的论文予以客观的、中肯的解读和评论,明确指出秦兵马俑中的介帻俑就是秦郎系统中的“郎”的组成成分,以期帮助人们重新认识刘先生论文的合理内核和闪光点,得到推进学术研究领域内“百家争鸣”的氛围。