在应对入世后我国农业面临的挑战中分析测试技术和科学仪器担负的重任

本文概叙了入世后中国农业面临的农产品品质 安全性及价格的三重冲击和应采取的应对措施 着重分析了农产品安全问题和食品安全保障体系的构建 论述了分析测试技术和科学仪器的七项重任     

论毛泽东关于科学技术的理论及其实践

毛泽东的科学技术思想是毛泽东思想的重要组成部分。可以从三个方面系统分析和探讨毛泽东关于科学技术的理论及其实践。其中关于科学技术的特征及其作用的思想是毛泽东的基本科学技术观;关于科学技术的生产力功能的思想是毛泽东科学技术观的核心内容;关于科学技术的方针和政策的思想是毛泽东的科学技术观及其核心内容的具体体现。它们有机地组成了毛泽东关于科学技术的理论及其实践的主要内容。     

试论建筑防灾中的人群管理和应急管理

从社会心理学和行为心理学视角分析紧急灾难情况下人群的心理反应,阐明控制人群恐慌的人群管理方法,并结合国内外实例从正反两个方面说明人群管理方法在建筑防灾方面的有效性,进一步论述了应急管理在国内的发展方向和重点。     

Applicability of a Neuroprobabilistic Integral Risk Index for the Environmental Management of Polluted Areas: A Case Study

Recently, we developed a GIS-Integrated Integral Risk Index (IRI) to assess human health risks in areas with presence of environmental pollutants. Contaminants were previously ranked by applying a self-organizing map (SOM) to their characteristics of persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in order to obtain the Hazard Index (HI). In the present study, the original IRI was substantially improved by allowing the entrance of probabilistic data. A neuroprobabilistic HI was developed by combining SOM and Monte Carlo analysis. In general terms, the deterministic and probabilistic HIs followed a similar pattern: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the pollutants showing the highest and lowest values of HI, respectively. However, the bioaccumulation value of heavy metals notably increased after considering a probability density function to explain the bioaccumulation factor. To check its applicability, a case study was investigated. The probabilistic integral risk was calculated in the chemical/petrochemical industrial area of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain), where an environmental program has been carried out since 2002. The risk change between 2002 and 2005 was evaluated on the basis of probabilistic data of the levels of various pollutants in soils. The results indicated that the risk of the chemicals under study did not follow a homogeneous tendency. However, the current levels of pollution do not mean a relevant source of health risks for the local population. Moreover, the neuroprobabilistic HI seems to be an adequate tool to be taken into account in risk assessment processes.     

高校反腐倡廉与制度创新

加强教育、发展民主、健全法制、强化监督、创新体制,从源头上预防和治理腐败问题,是反腐倡廉工作的新思路。本文试从制度创新的必要性、高校领导干部权力的制约、健全多种监督形式的网络等方面阐述以制度创新促进高校反腐倡廉工作,从标本兼治的理论与实践上探索高校反腐败的新路子。     

湖南省科技人力资源现状与使用分析

对湖南科技人力资源的分析 ;分为三个基本层次进行 :一是全省专业技术人员总量 ;二是科技活动人员情况 ;三是R&D人才资源。分别从人员的分布、结构、密度、质量以及人才使用效益等方面进行分析。     

云南经济增长及其影响因素分析

本文运用柯布—道格拉斯(C—D)生产函数和索洛增长速度方程,对云南省1986～2001年经济增长中的资本、劳动力投入与技术进步作用进行了定量测算。结果表明:劳动力投入增加对经济增长的贡献份额与资本、技术进步相比最小,资本的贡献份额最高;技术进步的贡献份额呈现出明显的起伏发展趋势,平均水平偏低,小于全国平均贡献率,与中西部较发达地区相比有较大差距;云南省依赖于资本的高投入维持较高的经济增长速度,是一种粗放型的经济增长。此外,还分析了影响云南技术进步的因素,并提出了对策建议。     

Making ends meet: perceptions of poverty in Sweden

During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labor market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labor market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard for everyone. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered: what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These questions are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows that more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. That is, they have an income that most Swedes would argue is too low to make ends meet. The level of the consensual poverty line was compared with the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for social assistance. The consensual poverty line was shown to be more generous to small households and the norm for social assistance was more generous to larger households. Finally, the expenditure for guaranteeing all Swedish household a minimum income equal to the consensual poverty line was estimated: more than SEK 25 billion per year. The results in the article casts serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens.     

试析中国共产党在抗日战争中的伟大作用

抗日战争是一百多年来中华民族反对帝国主义侵略第一次取得完全胜利的民族解放战争。作为中华民族利益忠实代表的中国共产党在这场运动中的伟大作用主要表现在:中国共产党倡导和促成的抗日民族统一战线,是抗日战争胜利的基础和保证;中国共产党的全面抗战路线和持久战的战略方针,指明了抗战胜利的方向;中国共产党领导的敌后战场是抗战的重要战场,对抗战的胜利起了决定性作用。     

论刑罚个别化原则的根基和属性——一种多视角的分析与考察

近年我国刑法学界,刑罚个别化原则正日益引起学者的广泛关注和深入研究.刑罚个别化原则有其内在的合理根基它在方法论基础上得益于近代犯罪学对刑法学的推动;在伦理内涵方面体现了人性关怀;在价值追求中实现了公正圆满.刑罚个别化原则不仅仅是一个量刑原则或刑法原则,而且是一个重要的刑事政策原则.