论竞争法中两种限制竞争行为的区别与联系

限购排挤行为,是指公用企业或者其他依法具有独占地位的经营者,为了排挤其他经营者而限定他人购买其指定的经营者的商品的行为。滥用行政权力限制竞争行为,根据《反不正当竞争法》第7条的规定,是指政府及其所属部门滥用行政权力,限定他人购买其指定的经营者的商品,限制其他经营者正当的经营活动,或者限制经营者跨地区、跨部门的交易,干扰、阻碍正常的交易活动的行为。限购排挤行为与滥用行政权力限制竞争行为是两种不同的限制竞争行为。对二者进行合理、有效的规制,是竞争法的重要任务。作者阐明这两种行为的概念、特征、法律规制之必要性,并在此基础上对二者进行比较分析,有助于正确地认识和规制这两种行为。     

Hybridization and speciation in the carabid beetles of the subgenusOhomopterus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, genusCarabus)

Natural hybridization among wingless carabid beetles of the subgenusOhomopterus (Carabidae, genusCarabus) is reviewed, and its significance in the evolution of this subgenus discussed. Natural hybridization occurs between parapatric species of similar size. Two case studies of natural hybridization suggest that natural hybridization could have affected the evolution of this subgenus in different ways. When there is a large difference in genital morphology between hybridizing species, interspecific copulation often results in genital injuries that causes mortality of copulating individuals, and hence reduces the fitness of hybridizing individuals greatly. In such a case, hybridization may be effective in maintaining the parapatric distribution of the two species, and in the long term, may promote reinforcement selection for traits which are effective in prezygotic reproductive isolation. When the morphological difference in genitalia is not so large as to cause genital injury, a hybrid population may be established at the intermediate zone between two parental species, provided that the immigration rates of the two species into the intermediate zone are small. Thus, natural hybridization may have contributed to both divergence and reticulate evolution in this subgenus.     

论我国地方政府的府际和谐——从竞争走向合作、共赢

府际关系的和谐对各国各级政府来说,都是一个至关重要的问题,在中国尤为如此.通过分析地方政府的不良竞争的消极影响,指出府际和谐是地方政府府际关系的必然趋势,并对如何构建和谐的府际关系进行了探讨.     

非瓣膜病性心房颤伴缺血性卒中生存与复发因素分析

世界贸易组织关于美国1916年反倾销法规案性质的争议与认定使反倾销法与竞争法之间的关系问题备受关注。本文拟从国内层面与国际层面分别讨论反倾销法与竞争法之关系,并认为从国内层面看,二者分属不同法律部门;从国际层面看,二者将统一于国际竞争规则。     

垄断的资源配置效应分析

垄断对资源配置的阻碍作用被认为主要体现在垄断有可能阻碍技术进步和创新,降低资源配置效率;大的垄断组织采用较高价格生产较低的产量,使消费者利益减少并造成社会福利的无谓损失引致社会分配不公平等。而垄断对资源配置的促进作用可以表现在:通过规模经济和范围经济的作用,垄断可以促进生产效率的提高;生产集中的大企业有利于技术的进步与创新、垄断与竞争相互促进相互转化,共同促进了企业的发展,后者直接指导了二战后反垄断管制的放松实践。     

以十七大精神为指导增强学校核心竞争力建设特色鲜明高水平大学

党的十七大为高等教育的改革与发展指明了方向。高质量的教学科研是高水平大学腾飞的两翼，科研竞争力是高水平大学的重要标志。建设特色鲜明的高水平大学必须以十七大精神为指导，树立建设特色鲜明的高水平大学共同价值观，围绕教学、科研和人力资源开发增强学校核心竞争力，在竞争发展中实现建设特色鲜明的高水平大学奋斗目标。     

论当代中国马克思主义民族特色建构的途径

中国马克思主义民族特色是中国特色社会主义理论的本质所在。不断赋予当代中国马克思主义的鲜明民族特色就是要形成鲜明的中国特色社会主义理论。从马克思主义中国化的成就看，民族特色首先要重点建设特色社会主义理论的民族内容，要突出对马克思主义理论的民族性解读，要把民族精神融入当代中国马克思主义理论，使之成为民族特色的核心。所以，重视民族内容建设、民族认识方法和民族核心价值建设是构建当代中国马克思主义鲜明民族特色的主要途径。     

Competition and Coordination in Two‐Tier Public Service Systems under Government Fiscal Policy

As a result of government budgetary limits and rapid market growth, many public service systems—such as health care—are characterized by extensive customer wait times that have become a serious problem. This problem might be solved by allowing private firms to enter these markets, which would provide customers with a choice between a free (governmental) public service provider (SP) and a fee‐charging (or “toll”) private SP. In such a two‐tier service system, the two SPs are differentiated by service quality and cost efficiency. This study focuses on the competition and coordination issues for two‐tier service systems with customers who are sensitive to both service quality and delay. The free system attempts to maximize its expected total customer utility with limited capacity, whereas the toll system attempts to maximize its profit. Neither goal is aligned with the social welfare goal of the public service. To achieve the social welfare goal, the government plays a crucial role in coordinating the two‐tier service system via the budget, the tradeoff of social members' goals, and tax‐subsidy policies. Using a mixed duopoly game, we establish Nash equilibrium strategies and identify the conditions for the existence of the two‐tier service system. We employ several interesting and counter‐intuitive managerial insights generated by the model to show that the public service can be delivered more efficiently via customer choice and SP competition. In addition, we show that a relatively low tax‐subsidy rate can almost perfectly coordinate the two SPs to achieve most of the maximum possible benefit of the two‐tier service system.     

异地审计是否存在低价竞争？

使用2004—2014年的715家非金融上市公司组成的平衡面板数据,从静态和动态角度,对异地审计与低价竞争进行检验。结果发现：异地客户率为31．7％,大约13．6％的公司审计收费存在低价竞争行为,且异地审计与低价竞争显著正相关。建议：一是对异地客户所在地注协而言,需要注意低价竞争的情况,特别是在签订审计合约时,应向客户所在地的注协备案合约内容,并由当地注协在网上公开其审计报告,以供使用人查询,必要时可约谈相关事务所。二是对会计师事务所而言,进行异地审计时,遵守客户所在地的审计服务定价标准,不得低价竞争,履行相关的审计合约和审计报告备案制度,执行内部过程质量标准,确保高质量的审计服务。     

选择性执法、非法治化竞争与系统性腐败

部分地方政府执法领域的腐败呈多发性、关联性特征,是我国腐败现象比较集中的领域。地方政府对执法权力的选择性运用引发了经济社会运行中的非法治化竞争,从而引发系统性腐败现象。非法治化竞争是指缺乏法治基础、参与竞争的各方利益得不到法治保障的竞争状态,具体表现为竞争规则不明晰或得不到严格遵守,发生冲突与争议时得不到公正有效的仲裁。系统性腐败是指除了腐败分子的个人主观原因,其所在系统的某些制度环境也成为诱发腐败的重要原因,具体表现为腐败的多发性、制度关联性及其固定模式。共赢、风险、保险、掠夺四种模式解释了系统性腐败的发生机制及其背后的制度原因,由此产生的非法治化竞争现象在宏观上表现为区域性市场分割与地方间的恶性竞争,微观上表现为执法腐败下企业的违法竞争与非制度化生存。