Inverse gaussian accelerated test models based on cumulative damage

The failure of a system under environmental stress often can be described by an accelerated test model which incorporates the environmental variable L. Here, the failure of such a system at environmental level L is modeled as the first passage of accumulated damage to a critical threshold value. Assuming a discrete additive damage model leads to a Birnbaum–Saunders-type distribution for the failure time which can be closely approximated by an inverse Gaussian-type model. However, if a continuous damage model based on a Gaussian process is assumed, a more general family of inverse Gaussian accelerated test models is obtained. Three sets of failure data are discussed to illustrate the usefulness of this general family.     

中国都市密集区市际关系中存在的问题及其应对

当前，中国都市密集区市际关系中存在的问题包括产业结构趋同、恶性竞争、城市定位重复混乱、地方保护主义以及基础设施重复建设等。都市密集区市际关系中存在的复杂问题，与市际关系协调机制不成熟、不完善密切相关。创新都市密集区市际关系协调的制度和机制，实现协调主体的多元化、方式多样化、目标长期化，是当前都市密集区发展中殊为迫切的任务。     

大学生数学建模竞赛几个相关问题的研究

数学建模竞赛已成为全球重点综合性大学数学教学工作中的一项“重头戏” ,成为评价大学数学教学水平的一项重要指标。数学建模对培养学生的素质特别是培养大学生创新能力和团队精神有着重大的意义 ;提高大学生数学建模竞赛水平关键在于教学组织工作 ,并要时时跟踪数学建模竞赛的特点和未来的发展走向。     

当前称谓语的演变及其社会意义

本文通过对若干称谓语的演变的考察,认为称谓语的演变反映了社会生活的变迁,并具有一定导向力量,大多从经济文化发达地区向落后地区扩散。     

Competition and The Operational Performance of Hospitals: The Role of Hospital Objectives

We examine the effect of a hospital's objective (i.e., non‐profit vs. for‐profit) in hospital markets for elective care. Using game‐theoretic analysis and queueing models to capture the operational performance of hospitals, we compare the equilibrium behavior of three market settings in terms of such criteria as waiting times and patient costs from waiting and hospital payments. In the first setting, a monopoly, patients are served exclusively by a single non‐profit hospital; in the second, a homogeneous duopoly, patients are served by two competing non‐profit hospitals. In our third setting, a heterogeneous duopoly, the market is served by one non‐profit hospital and one for‐profit hospital. A non‐profit hospital provides free care to patients, although they may have to wait; for‐profit hospitals charge a fee to provide care with minimal waiting. A comparison between the monopolistic and each of the duopolistic settings reveals that the introduction of competition can hamper a hospital's ability to attain economies of scale and can also increase waiting times. Moreover, the presence of a for‐profit sector may be desirable only when the hospital market is sufficiently competitive. A comparison across the duopolistic settings indicates that the choice between homogeneous and heterogeneous competition depends on the patients' willingness to wait before receiving care and the reimbursement level of the non‐profit sector. When the public funder is not financially constrained, the presence of a for‐profit sector may allow the funder to lower both the financial costs of providing coverage and the total costs to patients. Finally, our analysis suggests that the public funder should exercise caution when using policy tools that support the for‐profit sector—for example, patient subsidies—because such tools may increase patient costs in the long run; it might be preferable to raise the non‐profit sector's level of reimbursement.     

How to Compete Against a Behavioral Newsvendor

We investigate newsvendor ordering behavior under competition. We present a laboratory experiment that documents the behavioral ordering regularities in competitive newsvendor environments, and an analytical model extending the standard theory of newsvendor competition by including an optimal best‐response policy for competing with a behaviorally biased newsvendor. We test the effectiveness of this policy using an out‐of‐sample experiment and find that it results in improved market share, service level and profitability.     

中国人力资本积累与国际竞争力比较

从国际视角对全球129个国家的人力资本结构进行了比较分析。研究发现：中国人力资本存量国际综合排名第92位,位于第4梯队。人力资本存量(健康性人力资本、技能性人力资本)对经济增长有显著的正向影响机制。经济增长通过对教育性人力资本的再投入推动创新性人力资本的提升。比较中国和世界发达国家之间的人力资本结构差距,可以看到：未来15年中国人力资本将面临国际适应性和竞争性的重大挑战。应当通过提升职业与产业结构的匹配度,增强教育性人力资本与技能性人力资本的深化,从而为提升我国创新性人力资本做准备,增强我国国际竞争力。     

供应链整合跨度与强度二维互动演进机理研究

现阶段,企业与企业之间的竞争已经逐步转变为供应链与供应链之间的竞争,加强供应链管理已经逐渐成为企业获取竞争优势的重要策略,而促进供应链成员间的整合则是供应链管理成功的关键.基于以往的供应链整合研究,文章从供应链整合的两个维度——跨度与强度——出发,分别探讨供应链整合在两个维度上的演进机理,并指出供应链整合是供应链成员依赖于关系学习的两个维度相互作用、互动演进的有限过程,为供应链整合提供了新的理解角度,并辅以永辉超市供应链整合的案例加以验证.     

基于财政竞争力分析的福建省经济发展策略研究

财政对经济增长起着不可替代的促进作用,而财政竞争力也是经济综合竞争力的重要组成部分,分析福建省各地市的财政竞争力以寻找经济发展策略,对促进福建省经济有重大意义。本文对各地市财政收支现状进行初步比较,构建财政竞争力三级指标体系以分析财政竞争力水平,同时利用主成分因子得分分析财政竞争力与经济发展之间的关系。研究结果表明,厦门、福州及泉州财政竞争力较强,以这三个地市为例,从财政竞争实力和竞争潜力两个方面提出进一步提升财政竞争力的建议。     

高强混凝土高温性能研究进展

对近年来高强混凝土高温性能的研究成果进行了综述与分析,包括热工性、高温下和高温后力学性能以及高强高性能混凝土的爆裂性能。其中,高强混凝土热工性能方面的研究成果较少且研究结果离散性较大;高强混凝土力学性能方面的研究主要集中于抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形性能、弹性模量、泊松比、应力 应变关系等,而对高强混凝土结构、构件高温力学性能和温度场分析方面的研究较少;高强高性能混凝土爆裂方面的研究多集中于爆裂规律和爆裂抑制措施,对爆裂机理和微观结构的研究较少。本文分别从3个方面指出了高强混凝土高温性能研究中存在的问题和今后的研究方向,为深入研究高强混凝土的高温性能提供参考。