On Integer Programming Approaches for Morphological Template Decomposition Problems in Computer Vision

In morphological image processing and analysis, a template or structuringelement is applied to an image. Often savings in computation time and abetter fit to the given computer architecture can be achieved by using thetechnique of template decomposition. Researchers have written a multitude ofpapers on finding such decompositions for special classes of templates.Justifying recent integer programming approaches to the morphologicaltemplate decomposition problem in its general form, this paper proves theNP-completeness of this problem.     

语境与诠释:论中国教育学的研究范式

范式在中国教育学界的理论旅行,生成了三种不同的语境.本文基于文本阐释学的"过度诠释"概念,指出了解读教育研究范式的合法性理路,分析了库恩意义上的范式和胡森意义上的范式之间的联系与区别,从而揭示出教育研究范式的理论内涵.笔者指出,在我国当前的教育研究语境下,库恩意义上的范式转换是不存在的,而胡森意义上的范式转换则是可能的 ,这有助于"教育研究范式"的意义理解和研究深化.     

困境与突破:论中国教育学的范式

中国教育学的范式是指新中国成立以来中国教育学者在思考、研究、构建教育学问题时所遵循、秉持的基本思想方法,这种思想方法导引了他们研究教育学的路向、构建教育学的方式以及解决教育学问题的思维框架,进而形成中国教育学的类同研究传统 ,并规定着教育学的发展方向.建国以来我们经历了来自苏联和西方国家的范式熏陶,并一直受到"西方范式"和"苏联范式"的禁锢和困扰,长期没有形成属于自我独立的教育学范式.中国教育学发展过程中存在的范式危机,已经严重阻碍了中国教育学的健康发展.中国教育学范式的创建需从创建主体--教育学者和创建客体--"范式系统"入手.教育学范式的创建与构建将有助于中国教育学学派的创生和中国教育学的生成.     

构建管理学理论范式的经济学方法评析

构建管理学理论范式可以运用多元化研究范式。研究者不仅需要考虑组织层面的角度,而且还应从经济学角度之外的心理认知、社会、政治、法律等多角度进行考察和研究,研究范式的转换为管理学的发展提供了方法论的基础。     

Is subsidiarity a conditio sine qua non for sustainability?

This paper argues that subsidiarity is a condicio sine qua non for sustainability. Through the complexity paradigm, the paper provides a historical reconstruction of both concepts to the end of elucidating their interdependence. The main thesis is that subsidiarity to sustainability is what self-organisation is to emergence. The paper ends with a sketch of future global governance structures based on a subsidiarity where cities take the lead on sustainability.     

新红学的开端,新典范的创始:王国维的红学研究述论--现代学人的红学研究综论之一

王国维在《红楼梦评论》中所提出的问题不仅蕴含着新锐的思想光芒,同时具有鲜明的学术启示意义,如“解脱”说、“悲剧”说、“伦理学上之价值与美学上之价值合一”说等。20世纪初期提出的这些崭新命题,具有立意新、方法新、见解新的特征,为中国小说研究的现代学术范式建立做出了可贵的学术贡献。同时,《红楼梦评论》引入叔本华哲学所建立的《红楼梦》研究的新范式,是王国维在红学批评方面建立的桥头堡,仍有待继续前行,精进日新。     

Does job complexity mitigate the negative effect of emotion-rule dissonance on employee burnout?

In interactions with clients or patients, human service workers are at risk of experiencing discrepancies between felt and organizationally mandated emotions (i.e. emotion-rule dissonance). Given the documented detrimental effects of such discrepancies on employee strain, the present study investigated whether job complexity mitigates the relation between emotion-rule dissonance and employee burnout using data from a two-wave panel study of eldercare workers (N?=?583, 16-month time lag). Structural equation modelling revealed that emotion-rule dissonance at Time 1 preceded emotional exhaustion and depersonalization at Time 2. Beyond that, employees whose work offered job complexity were found to suffer less from emotional exhaustion and depersonalization when encountering discrepancies between felt and stipulated emotions compared to employees who conducted noncomplex work. Thus, designing complex tasks appears to be a crucial starting point for alleviating employee burnout in jobs that provoke emotion-rule dissonance.     

产品扩散策略对企业绩效的影响

从市场需求理论和消费者行为理论出发,引入产品复杂度的调节作用,以中国汽车企业作为研究样本,选取32家中国车企2008～2012年的面板数据,对多次级市场和同一市场两种不同的产品扩散策略与企业绩效关系及产品复杂度在策略-企业绩效关系中的调节作用进行分析.实证结果表明,两种产品扩散策略与绩效之间由负向关系转为正向关系,即两种产品扩散策略与企业绩效呈U型关系;产品复杂度加强了多次级市场产品扩散策略与绩效之间的关系,而弱化了同一市场产品扩散策略与绩效的关系.企业应根据自身的情况,选择合适的扩散方式,合理灵活地利用产品复杂度的调节作用,对企业绩效会起到事半功倍的效果.     

Likelihood approach for evaluating bioequivalence of highly variable drugs

Bioequivalence (BE) is required for approving a generic drug. The two one‐sided tests procedure (TOST, or the 90% confidence interval approach) has been used as the mainstream methodology to test average BE (ABE) on pharmacokinetic parameters such as the area under the blood concentration‐time curve and the peak concentration. However, for highly variable drugs (%CV > 30%), it is difficult to demonstrate ABE in a standard cross‐over study with the typical number of subjects using the TOST because of lack of power. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency recommended similar but not identical reference‐scaled average BE (RSABE) approaches to address this issue. Although the power is improved, the new approaches may not guarantee a high level of confidence for the true difference between two drugs at the ABE boundaries. It is also difficult for these approaches to address the issues of population BE (PBE) and individual BE (IBE). We advocate the use of a likelihood approach for representing and interpreting BE data as evidence. Using example data from a full replicate 2 × 4 cross‐over study, we demonstrate how to present evidence using the profile likelihoods for the mean difference and standard deviation ratios of the two drugs for the pharmacokinetic parameters. With this approach, we present evidence for PBE and IBE as well as ABE within a unified framework. Our simulations show that the operating characteristics of the proposed likelihood approach are comparable with the RSABE approaches when the same criteria are applied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.