论国家在义务教育中承担的义务

从受教育权的性质看,义务教育主要是国家的义务,从国际法的视野着眼,义务教育也是国家的义务。新修订的义务教育法强化了国家承担的义务,主要包括:保障义务教育经费的义务,保障义务教育均衡发展的义务,实施素质教育的义务,保障师资的义务和教育督导的义务等。     

公共政策视域下的强制缔约

强制缔约制度是现代契约法为践行契约正义而对契约自由进行的归位性限制,其存在领域和对弱势群体的保护范围并不具有对应性,民生依赖和公共政策需要才是产生该制度的直接动因。在实务和学理认识中,应将强制缔约和其他性质法律关系的区别予以澄清,对强制缔约的学术分类进行科学认识有助于准确司法。     

我国强制措施适用中司法审查制度的构建

我国现行强制措施制度由于在程序设计上缺乏有效的司法控制,使其在适用的过程中显现出权力制约乏力、权利保障不足等诸多方面的弊端。合理借鉴国外的成功经验,构建我国的司法审查制度,是完善我国强制措施制度,进而促进我国刑事诉讼程序合理化、科学化的重要途径,也是构建和谐视野中的法治局面的必然要求。     

中国转基因食品标识与信息传播的改进——基于公众权益保障视角

目前,中国转基因食品标识目录过于狭窄,标识制度的执行和监管以及食品标签内容存在欠缺;在转基因食品的信息传播方面,有些媒体在传播有关信息时存在偏差,加上公众对转基因食品的认知能力较差,公众对转基因食品普遍存在恐惧感。这些都影响了公众在转基因食品上做出自由的、理性的选择。在转基因食品销售中,为保障和实现公众的知情权和选择权,要严格执行转基因食品标识制度,改进标识方式和内容;专家、科普工作者和媒体要站在客观立场上向公众传播转基因食品技术和知识,要注重双向互动和沟通交流,并根据不同的社会文化环境进行有针对性地传播。     

我国行政强制执行的模式选择与法律救济

我国行政强制执行的模式选择,综合考虑我国的法律传统、现阶段的国情和WTO全球性发展趋势等多方面因素,适宜采用司法主导型强制执行模式。行政强制执行的法律救济,包括告诫、强制执行决定、强制执行的实施三个阶段,应依据不同性质分阶段给予相应形式的救济,同时严格遵循不可撤销性原则。     

技术抑制的法律规制——以汽车工业为主要视域

单边技术抑制主要表现为拒绝许可专利、不使用专利,在汽车及其他技术领域都会遇到,对其可以考虑适用强制许可,但对其追究反垄断法责任则存在较多争议。联合技术抑制主要指两家以上企业以协议或其他方式联合限制新技术的研发和应用,在美国汽车业发展史上,该问题曾经比较突出,为此,美国司法部进行了锲而不舍的反托拉斯指控。从我国目前汽车工业领域技术进展、专利布局情况看,未雨绸缪、提前研究技术抑制与反抑制相关问题以及制定知识产权反垄断法规是有必要的。     

Legal Parenthood and Continued Parent-Child Relationships—The Moral and Experiential Aspects of Parenting

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a construct of parenting which provides criteria for differential solutions in cases of child protection, i.e., confidential adoption, adoption with contact and out-of-home placements. It is proposed that the moral aspect of parenting be central in judicial proceedings regarding the protection of the child. In addition a distinction between the moral and the experiential aspect of parenting should be made. The presentation of this construct is based on the author's assessments of parents when acting as an expert witness to the court (in Israel), in three cases in which compulsory adoption was petitioned by the state. The assessment of the moral aspect of parenting is based on the parent's own evaluation of his/her own parenthood, and the assessment of the experiential aspect is based on the parent-child relationships with a particular emphasis -on the child's responses to the parent. This construct may allow experts to tread the fine line between assessing parents and accusing them and provides a base for negotiation between parents' conceptions of their parenthood and the court's.     

循环经济激励机制的哲学思考

循环经济激励机制从本质上是诱导和驱使相关的利益主体即政府、企业和公众为达到资源的高效利用和循环利用投入足够努力的机制。它的构建,是促进循环经济从先进理念发展成现实经济运行模式的需要。但是,从主体的视阈审视,政府、企业和公众在实际中并不处于同等地位,因此,循环经济实际的应用环境要求,必须使强制性激励和诱导性激励的方式有机结合,建立一个完整的、相互补充的综合性循环经济激励机制,满足被激励主体的需求,使相关利益主体的作用充分发挥,共同推动循环经济的发展。     

Abscondence and duration of treatment of compulsorily committed alcoholics on a locked ward: effects of changes in the treatment program and the law

The study concerns 124 alcoholics compulsorily committed to a locked ward at Runnagården, a coercive treatment setting in mid-Sweden. Three groups are compared: 57 patients were admitted before and 29 were admitted after the implementation of an introductory Alcoholics Anonymous-oriented program on the ward. Another 38 patients were admitted after the changes in legislation, which resulted in a longer duration of compulsory care. The groups were compared as to the number of days spent on the locked unit and the number of times they absconded. With the implementation of the program, a significant reduction was observed in the time needed on the locked ward, while the number of abscondence incidents showed a weaker tendency to decrease. After the legislative changes were made, the same factors increased. Multivariate regression was used to check confounding background factors. In conclusion, the introduction of an Alcoholics Anonymous-oriented program in a coercive treatment setting reduced the time spent on a locked ward without increasing the number of times patients absconded. Increase in length of coercion increased both the time spent at the locked ward and the number of times absconded.     

农村义务教育投入:主体确认与保障机制研究

理论上教育是准公共产品,尤其义务教育,外部受益性极强,是全国性的公共产品,其经费应由政府投入。但在现实中,由于我国投入主体错位,导致农村义务教育投入严重不足,面临一系列问题。当务之急应该树立科学的教育发展观,建立合理的农村义务教育费用分担体制。