我国政府采购监督机制存在的问题及对策

我国政府采购制度的建设正处于全国发展阶段,存在着采购程序设计缺陷、监督权力虚置、供应商质疑监督程序不足等问题,需要建构完备的政府采购监督法律体系、监督程序机制以及分工明晰、责任明确的监督管理体系予以解决。     

政府职能转变与新社会组织发展

新社会组织作为我国社会中出现的一种全新的组织形态,在社会稳定和发展中具有重要作用.由于新社会组织所提供的服务往往要通过政府采购的渠道来实现其价值,因此,政府采购的种类和数量是影响新社会组织发展的重要因素.我国政府只有实现了由经济建设型政府向公共服务型政府的成功转型,政府采购的重点才会实现由采购有形产品为主向采购无形的服...     

The ambiguity of social return policies in the Netherlands

Social procurement policies, which aim to create employment opportunities for vulnerable groups, such as the long‐term unemployed and the disabled, have become increasingly popular in recent years. Despite their growing popularity, empirical research on this topic is limited. Combining insights from the social policy and public administration literatures, we explore the development and implementation of “social return” policies by the Dutch government. These policies are a form of social procurement that require private employers to spend a percentage of public tenders to hire individuals far removed from the labor market. Social procurement appears, by definition, to be a form of social investment. However, our analysis of the ideas underlying its use in the Netherlands suggests that significant contradictions exist, with evidence of neoliberal New Public Management tendencies, social investment, and the more recent form of public administration, New Public Service. Using extensive document analysis of parliamentary documents, discussions and evaluative reports from 2008 to 2014, we reveal the tensions inherent in the Dutch approach and discuss possible implications for our understanding of social policy and administration as well as social protection.     

考虑采购资金约束的物流服务能力采购决策

以物流服务供应链为研究对象,研究集成商期初时期对服务能力批发量和期权预订量的决策、需求即将发生时期对期权执行量的决策以及需求确定时期对现货采购量的决策,构建在无采购资金约束条件下集成商的采购决策模型,求得服务集成商3个时期的采购决策.然后引入采购资金约束,分析存在采购资金约束情况下集成商各个时期的采购策略,并对比有无采购资金约束条件集成商采购策略的不同,分析采购资金约束对集成商采购策略的影响.最后,通过数据分析对研究结论进行说明和验证.     

考虑采购资金约束的物流服务能力采购决策

CEO关联是影响企业内部决策效率和企业绩效的重要因素之一。已有研究大多集中于社会网络关系和人口统计特征相似性产生的关联,忽略了CEO雇佣高管或建议提名董事产生的关联。此外,已有研究过度关注对CEO关联结果的探讨,而忽略了内外部环境要素对CEO关联结果的影响。 在此背景下,基于高层梯队理论、现代管家理论和代理理论,从管理者特质和权力的视角,探讨基于雇佣高管或建议提名董事产生的CEO关联的差异对企业绩效的影响机理。以2009年至2014年沪、深两市A股上市公司数据为研究样本,运用STATA 12.0和多元回归分析方法,系统分析并检验基于雇佣高管或建议提名董事产生的CEO关联与企业绩效之间的关系,并进一步考察企业内部治理对这种CEO关联与企业绩效之间关系的调节效应。 研究结果表明,CEO与其他高管之间基于雇佣关系产生的关联与企业绩效之间呈现显著的倒U形关系,即随着CEO与其他高管之间关联的增强,企业业绩提升,但当CEO与高管之间的关联程度高于临界值0.400时,随着CEO与其他高管之间关联程度的增强,企业业绩开始下降;CEO与董事之间基于建议提名关系产生的关联与企业绩效之间没有显著的相关关系;股权集中度、董事会勤勉程度和监事会监督力度等企业内部治理机制对CEO和其他高管之间基于雇佣关系产生的关联与企业绩效之间的关系有显著的正向调节作用。民营控股上市企业中CEO和其他高管之间基于雇佣关系产生的关联与企业绩效之间的倒U形关系以及内部治理机制的正向调节作用均显著,而国有控股上市企业中CEO关联与企业绩效之间没有显著的相关关系。 研究结果对深入认识CEO关联的价值效应及形成的内在逻辑、防范上市企业治理风险提供了有益启示。建议上市公司适度给予CEO聘任高管的权力,且在公司治理实践中注意运用和平衡企业内部正式机制与非正式机制之间的潜在替代关系,保障差异化情景下企业潜在收益的最大化。     

中国(上海)自由贸易试验区试行GPA规则的建议

在上海自贸试验区内按照GPA规则开放政府采购市场,一方面可以扩大我国的对外开放,充实上海自贸试验区的内涵;另一方面也可发挥上海自贸区先行先试的"制度试验田"作用,为我国加入GPA后按GPA规则实施政府采购积累经验。对照GPA规则,上海自贸区管理机构实施政府采购,首先必须解决以下问题:现行有关法律在上海自贸区范围内的适用、上海自贸区政府采购体制调整和制度建设、政府采购制度和采购信息公开、政府采购程序与管理、争议申述与解决制度建设及机构设置、对外开放的范围。     

Coal demand,market forces,and U.S. coal mine closures

Economic transitions have the potential to displace workers and cause social unrest. Coal mine closures and the resulting employment losses in rural areas have become salient issues. Using data on coal mine and power plant operation, we model closure as a function of expected profits, which allows us to compare the effects on mine closure of specific demand and supply shocks to expected mine profits. Increasing costs of production have had a large impact on closures, but lower natural gas prices and lower electricity demand have played more recently important roles.     

我国建设工程造价形成方式的改革

在市场经济条件下 ,建设工程作为商品生产具有明显的竞争性 ,反映建设工程商品交换的工程造价只能在市场竞争中形成。本文依据市场经济运行的一般规律和市场经济发达国家工程造价形成的实践经验 ,提出我国工程造价的形成应以工程价值及其转化形态为基础 ,主要在工程招投标竞争中形成 ,但工程造价的形成方式的改革 ,应随着整个国家经济体制 ,特别是投资管理体制和建筑业管理体制的转变而进行     

城郊结合部征地中农民利益保护问题的理论与实证分析

城郊结合部征地中农民利益保护问题是影响社会稳定和经济发展的突出矛盾之一。没有必要在同一区域内区分"公共利益"与"非公共利益"征地补偿标准,中国C市"国际社区"的材料证实了不区分"公共利益"与"非公共利益"征地补偿标准的好处。明确土地征收和征用的内涵是一种必然的选择,推行"片区综合补偿价"是让农民集体作为土地所有者分享土地发展权价值的关键。     

Sourcing from Multiple Suppliers for Price‐Dependent Demands

We analyze a model that integrates demand shaping via dynamic pricing and risk mitigation via supply diversification. The firm under consideration replenishes a certain product from a set of capacitated suppliers for a price‐dependent demand in each period. Under deterministic capacities, we derive a multilevel base stock list price policy and establish the optimality of cost‐based supplier selection, that is, ordering from a cheaper source before more expensive ones. With general random capacities, however, neither result holds. While it is optimal to price low for a high inventory level, the optimal order quantities are not monotone with respect to the inventory level. In general, a near reorder‐point policy should be followed. Specifically, there is a reorder point for each supplier such that no order is issued to him when the inventory level is above this point and a positive order is placed almost everywhere when the inventory level is below this point. Under this policy, it may be profitable to order exclusively from the most expensive source. We characterize conditions under which a strict reorder‐point policy and a cost‐based supplier‐selection criterion become optimal. Moreover, we quantify the benefit from dynamic pricing, as opposed to static pricing, and the benefit from multiple sourcing, as opposed to single sourcing. We show that these two strategies exhibit a substitutable relationship. Dynamic pricing is less effective under multiple sourcing than under single sourcing, and supplier diversification is less valuable with price adjustments than without. Under limited supply, dynamic pricing yields a robust, long‐term profit improvement. The value of supply diversification, in contrast, mainly comes from added capacities and is most significant in the short run.