利用基于TOCO的新工具实现供应商选择的科学决策

根据全拥有代价概念(TOCO),全球供应商选择的决策可以分为两个层面,即宏观决策层面和微观决策层面。为了解决全球采购过程中供应商选择的科学决策问题,本文在微观决策层面上提出了一个量化决策的新方法——TOCO全面评估工具。用它可以方便地计算直接成本,间接成本以及对供应商进行综合评估。本文对供应商选择所涉及到的诸多因素进行了概括,对该工具的用法进行了阐述。结果表明,科学地使用TOCO全面评估方法能够使全球采购过程的决策变得透明,可计算和客观有据。最后,通过一个实际案例阐明了应用该工具的详细过程。     

The inherent tensions within sustainable supply chains: a case study from Bangladesh

Abstract

The complexities surrounding the supply chain logistics for perishable commodities within Bangladesh are extensive. Poor infrastructure, fragmented transportation and corruption compound the operational complexities within this emerging market. This case study analyses many of the day-to-day operational challenges and tensions inherent within Micro-Small-Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) forming the backbone of the Bangladesh socio-economic structure. The drive for transition toward greater levels of sustainability and corporate responsibility is problematic, affecting many levels within an extended and fragmented supply chain. The selected case study highlights the ‘lived in’ geographical, environmental, economic and cultural factors that impact the ability of emerging market enterprises to remain profitable within emergency scenarios whilst transitioning toward a more sustainable model. This study, whilst detailing many of the tensions and critical issues facing MSMEs, highlights the benefits of direct Government intervention, criticality of a leaner and more efficient supply chain and reassessment of financial incentives to drive the transition to a more efficient and sustainable economy.     

The World Bank's Use of Country Systems for Procurement: A Good Idea Gone Bad?

The World Bank's newest country‐systems policy, adopted in 2008, allows borrowers to use their national systems to conduct procurement and manage finances for Bank‐funded projects. In principle, it will incentivise institutional reform, increase local ownership, and facilitate donor harmonisation. In practice, its content and the handling of stakeholder input seem to indicate that the Bank's dominant desire has been to preserve its market share. This article demonstrates (i) how deficiencies in the policy may reverse the Bank's work on governance and undercut aid efficiency, and (ii) how its handling of public consultations on the policy ignored the Bank's best practices. It concludes with steps for improving the policy, including re‐opening dialogue with key stakeholders.     

完善会计集中核算 构建财政资金收支管理新模式

实行会计集中核算,是公共财政建设的要求,是国库集中收付的基础和重要组成部分,是财政支出管理的一项深层次的重大改革.长期以来,行政事业单位经费实行财政分配、单位包干、分散核算的制度.但是随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善,其弊端是显著的.实行会计集中核算就是为了加强财政资金收支的管理和监督力度,规范财务管理和会计行为,提高财政资金使用效益,为构筑公共财政框架、实现国库集中收付制度奠定基础,建立公开、高效、廉洁、务实的财政资金收支管理新模式.     

电力设备集中招标采购适用范围分析

依据电力设备的技术和商业特性,国家电网公司集中招标采购适用范围应坚持四个基本原则:产能受限原则、设备标准化受限原则、供应商数量受限原则、采购效益和效率均衡原则。对于产能有限、不标准、供应商数目较多以及临时急需的、采购量少的设备,并不适合采用集中招标采购这种方式。     

集中采购机构的立法缺陷与完善

我国《政府采购法》明确规定了集中采购机构的法律地位、权利范围、工作职责乃至法律责任等内容,无疑为正确规范集中采购机构行为提供了可靠的法律依据。然而,有关集中采购机构的设置、业务范围、转委托代理、预算体制等法律问题,仍需要进一步加以探讨和完善。     

农村三无人员集中供养制度的问题与思考

社会主义新农村建设中要提高"三无人员"的生活质量,让他们"老有所养、居有其屋、乐有其所、病有所医",单纯依靠现行的供养方式是不够的。在此主要针对农村三无人员集中供养制度的必要性、农村三无人员集中供养制的现状进行了分析,提出了关于完善农村三无人员集中供养制的途径。     

Electronic markets in support of procurement processes along the automotive supply chain

Since the introduction of the internet, firms have continued to seek ways to use these public networks to gain competitive advantage. The procurement function is beginning to take on greater strategic importance as these networks started providing firms wider opportunities such as choices of suppliers. This aims not only to reduce procurement costs, but also to build stronger relationships with suppliers to improve quality and flexibility in meeting customer demand. This type of linkage of firms with their suppliers when the product manufactured is complex and supply-chain is heavily tiered, such as the case of the automobile industry, creates challenges to any electronic market or exchange that is aiming to support such a system. Based on discussions with some key individuals in an automotive supply chain and an in-depth analysis of a supply-chain segment, this paper explores the role electronic markets may have to play, if they are to support the procurement processes of various agents along the supply chain.     

Public procurement of innovation: empirical evidence from EU public authorities on barriers for the promotion of innovation

Public procurement is seen as a powerful instrument for innovation policy, but meaningful barriers seem to hinder its deployment. This study reviews literature on complexity, time consumption, and risk representing important hindrances for the procurement of innovation from public buyers' perspective. Findings provide evidence on the existence of hindrances for public procurement of innovation across European Union member states through the analysis of data from a large-scale survey. Further, differences in terms of the perception of barriers become evident depending on the availability of monitoring systems for innovation performance.     

Public procurement of innovation and local authority procurement: procurement modes and framework conditions in three European cities

Local authorities present complex implementation settings for public procurement of innovation (PPI) practices and include a range of barriers, yet their proximity to citizens and local economic actors suggests that they are likely to encounter unmet needs in advance of national governments, creating potential to act as lead users. This paper develops a conceptualisation of the local authority procurement environment, using it as a framework for analysing the potential for PPI in three city authorities across Europe, representing three distinct modes of public procurement: functional procurement, tactical procurement and strategic procurement. The paper proposes that local authorities are broadly characterised by cyclical, geographically bounded procurement activity, which contains potential for stimulating incremental innovation through normal procurement activity if the external institutional setting is permissive. The paper suggests conditions for increasing the possibilities for more disruptive innovation through local authority procurement and areas for further research.