加强立法保障西部开发

实施西部开发,是社会主义市场经济发展、加强民族团结、促进地区经济协调发展的需要,是一项具有综合性、长期性、艰巨性的战略,除了国家在政策上引导与支持外,还要从西部的实际出发,结合成功的经验,制定相关法律,使西部开发能在法治的轨道上进行.当务之急,就是要坚持破和立并重的做法--彻底废除与西部开发不相适应的法律,确定西部开发所需的法律体系.     

论我国图书馆立法

论述了我国图书馆立法的必要性 ;分析指出了我国图书馆立法的主要依据是我国宪法和国内外图书馆的法令、法规、条例 ;探讨了我国图书馆立法的内容 ;提出了我国图书馆界在立法中的工作任务     

认识发展规律的客观性与主体认识活动的自觉性

认识的规律同外部世界的规律一样具有客观性 ,但理解认识规律的客观性要困难得多。认识作为意识属于主观领域 ,其规律是主观领域的规律 ;但主观和客观的区分有不同的层次 ,认识运动也是客观物质世界运动的一部分 ,认识规律不依所有思索并运用这些规律的人们的意志为转移。认识规律之所以具有客观性 ,不仅是因为产生认识的生理基础即人的生理结构和生理运动具有客观规律性 ,而且是因为作为认识基础的社会实践具有客观规律。否认认识规律的客观性 ,认识论就失去了作为科学存在的权利。否认主体认识活动的自觉性 ,所谓客观认识规律就成了神秘的“天意”。     

Campus crime and concealed carry laws: Is arming students the answer?

As of 2018, ten states allowed students, faculty, and staff to carry concealed firearms on campus. Although there has been much discussion regarding campus carry laws, there has been very little empirical research conducted on the link between campus carry laws and crime on campus. The present study attempts to determine if campus carry laws are statistically related to campus level crime. Using state-level data for the period 2005–2014 and a fixed effects model, results of the present study suggest that campus carry laws have no statistically significant relationship with campus level crime. However, campuses located in states that allow unpermitted concealed carry have lower property crime rates. These results corroborate the findings of prior studies on this topic. Given these results, states should reconsider enacting campus carry laws, and colleges and universities should be given more latitude in deciding whether or not firearms are appropriate on their campuses.     

电磁场中量子体系的规范不变性

本文讨论了处于电磁场中的体系的量子力学形式。结果表明,虽然对体系的描述涉及到电磁势,但体系的物理性质只依赖于电场和磁场的强度;如果改变描述电磁场的势,则体系的物理性质仍保持不变.     

关于藏区民间法文化现象的透析

本文从民间法的视角 ,对历史上和现实生活中的藏族传统法律文化现象作了分析。认为民主改革前后藏族法文化的表现形式各具特色 ,而且它们与国家法的关系不完全相同 ,因而其社会地位和对社会发生作用的方式也略有差异。只有正确认识 ,方能科学对待     

Spherical symmetry: An elementary justification

Summary The present paper includes characterizations of the conditions of spherical symmetry and of centered spherical symmetry. These characterizations provide an empirical justification for the above mentioned conditions of symmetry.     

Multicultural considerations in the application of child protection laws

Professionals exercise a great deal of discretion in the application of mandatory reporting laws and child welfare laws. This paper examines the subjective factors that influence the decisionmaking process from labeling an incident as possible abuse or neglect through the disposition stage. Multicultural issues that affect each stage of the process are discussed. Areas of disparate treatment of minorities are considered. Disparate treatment stems from biased and unequal application of the laws in some cases, or when standards are applied and interventions made that are insensitive to the cultural context of the family. Potential consequences of failing to consider culture in applying child protection laws are biased reporting, errors in assessing perceived risk, ineffective interventions, and increased out- of- home placements. The need for a culturally sensitive approach to assessment and intervention is emphasized. Areas for future research are recommended.     

Effects of Increased Auto Safety Belt Use Levels on Fatalities

To reduce the annual toll of highway deaths, more than 30 states have passed laws mandating the use of safety belts. All have been effective at raising safety belt use; equipped with different provisions and enforced with unequal care, however, they have done so to different degrees. The article estimates the relationship between attained belt use and fatalities averted. Monthly 1982-1986 fatality, collision, belt use, and other data from 64 areas in nine states were collected, then analyzed using a Poisson multiple regression model. The analysis indicates that an increase in belt use from 14-40% averts about 13% of fatalities; a more pronounced increase to 50% averts about 18%. An increase from 50-75% averts about 16% of remaining fatalities. Three significant conclusions emerge. First, previous estimates appear to have understated, in general, the overall effectiveness of belt use laws. Second, the benefits of programs to boost safety belt use in this country from its current level of about 50% to up to 75%, estimated on the basis of more direct evidence from U.S. data than previously available, appear to be very large. Third, Poisson and other multiple regression models including explicit allowance for other causal factors can usefully complement other statistical approaches in traffic safety studies.