Family or friends: what counts more for drinking behaviour of young adults? / Familia o amigos: ¿qué pesa más en los hábitos de consumo de alcohol de los jóvenes?

The scientific literature stresses the importance of culture and social environment in determining what people think about alcohol consumption and consequently do. Several pieces of research have proved the influence on young adults’ alcohol use of proximal social contexts of their family and peers. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of family behaviours and norms compared to the peers’ influence in a context where the culture of alcohol is changing between the different generations. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire on a sample of 598 young adults (average age 22.20 years). The variables investigated were socio-demographic characteristics, the alcohol consumption of parents and friends and the parents’ and peers’ approval of alcohol consumption. The results confirmed the role of family and friends in influencing young adults’ consumption of alcohol, stressing a difference between perceived behaviours and norms. The perceived consumption of parents and friends influenced the participants’ consumption. On the contrary, the effects of the approval of drinking were limited. Globally friends had a stronger influence on alcohol consumption in comparison with family.     

低碳视角下的可再生能源政策——激励机制与模式选择

利用可再生能源是实现碳减排和能源安全的主要手段,是实现中国可持续发展的主要途径。然而,由于缺乏对可再生能源外部性的合理评估,现实的和潜在的风险阻碍了可再生能源技术的大规模应用。有效的激励政策是,通过价格、补贴和强制消费等手段刺激企业投资可再生能源,促进经济向低碳方向发展。纵观世界各国,不同的可再生能源政策模式在控制成本、创造需求、降低风险及稳定性等各方面存在差异性,而政策的激励效果是以上因素综合作用的结果。因此,政策制定者必须根据现实的能源要素禀赋和技术发展水平进行合理的政策模式选择。中国可再生能源开发潜力大,近年来利用增速快,但也存在着整体利用率低、地域和技术发展不平衡等问题。在现阶段,中国可再生能源激励政策应以固定上网电价制模式为主,将可再生能源利用数量作为基本目标,促进技术创新,建立合理的定价机制。这对中国建设低碳社会、加快转变经济发展方式具有关键性作用。     

消费伦理与现代消费主义文化精神

消费主义是消费社会的核心价值观。批判消费主义是当前消费伦理学的前沿性课题,追问消费主义的伦理基础是文化批判理论不可或缺的重要内容。自消费革命以来,西方消费伦理思想大致经历了两次变革:一是消费的去道德化;二是消费的伦理价值重构。两次变革一方面以过度消费取代了满足基本生存需要的自然消费;另一方面,还以奢侈消费为善的道德判断颠覆了节俭消费的美德传统。解读西方消费主义文化与消费伦理之间的关系,对于我们认清当前消费生活颠倒性的实质内涵具有重要启示意义。     

消费文化的道德规约

在消费社会里,人类的消费活动、消费过程文化意义越来越浓厚,消费文化对人类消费活动的引领作用亦随之明显。文化自身承载着意义,拥有教育功能和批判精神。拟使消费文化发挥更多的积极的导向作用,不仅要发挥文化的积极意义和批判精神,还应强调消费文化的真正正义,使消费文化释放出更多的“正能量”,表现出一种道德担当。在一个人均资源并不丰厚的国度里,消费既包含文化,也包含道德规约;既包括文化牵引,也涵盖道德自觉。     

属性集容量确定的夹挤式测度模式及其推算模型

迄今,为解决多属性偏好关联决策属性集容量判断指数复杂性难题所提出的λ模糊测度模式与k-可加模糊测度模式,以及建构在它们之上的属性集容量确定的推算模型,尚存在着适用性差的技术不足。为此,以平衡容量判断的可操作性和容量推算的准确性为视角,提出了一种新容量测度模式,即关于容量判断与推算的夹挤式测度模式,并在此基础上通过引入决策者较易判断给出的容量序信息构建了相应的容量推算模型。基于数值模拟的对比分析表明：新模式不仅在应用可行性上高于k-可加模糊测度模式,而且从容量推算的准确性上看也明显优于λ模糊测度模式和k-可加模糊测度模式,因而对实际决策具有更强的适用性。     

从跨文化交际语境看日本人的交际模式

从跨文化交际语境出发,根据语境文化对交际模式的影响,探讨日本高语境文化形成的原因,分析在高语境文化影响下日本人以和为贵、集团主义意识强、以心传心的体察式的交际模式,对于提高人文素养,减少跨文化交际中的误解,促进交流都将有着重要的意义。     

Three layers of history in recurrent social movements: the case of food reform

Using the understudied genre of food reform movements for illustration, we advocate greater attention to recurrent social movements. Analysis of these movements calls for combining three levels of historical analysis. One links the incidence and character of mobilization to long-term, large-scale historical changes; the second shows how periods of activism are also animated and shaped by specific historical contexts; and the third tracks legacies from earlier to later periods, thus both tracing additional causal influences and connecting separate cases into coherent sequences. The social movements literature includes excellent examples of each type of historical account. Combining types is much less common. Doing so, we contend, offers methodological advantages for scholars comparing and sequencing mobilization around similar problems in different historical periods. We develop the argument from three eras of food protest: Grahamites in the 1830s and early 1840s, dietary reformers and food safety campaigners of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and organic advocates who gained popular support beginning in the late 1960s.     

虚拟性实践的价值探讨

虚拟性实践的存在形态虽然是虚拟的,但其价值功能却是真实的。虚拟性实践极大地扩展了人类实践的广度和深度,在更高层次上体现了人作为“符号动物”的类本质特性,带来了人类思维能力的飞跃,推动了精神生产的发展,以新的交往方式丰富了社会关系。     

青岛地区农民生活消费特征及影响因素分析

改革开放以来,青岛地区农民的物质和精神文化消费观念变化显著,交通信息费增长迅速,医疗保健支出增加及突出性消费显著。农民收入增长缓慢,消费环境不健全,社会保障体系不完善是影响农民生活消费特征变化的主要因素,要进一步引导农民科学消费可从切实增加农民收入,完善社会保障体系,加强农村文化建设等几个方面着手。     

我国城乡居民交通消费的比较研究——以湖南长沙市民与张家界农民为例

我国城乡居民在交通目的、领域、方式、时间、空间等5个方面既存在相同之处也存在差异。这种差异是由城乡地区不同的经济资本、职业性质、当地交通设施等物质原因和消费者的交通观念、交通习俗等精神原因造成的。对城乡居民交通消费差距及其致因的认识有利于我国交通体系的建设。