当前区域经济发展中应实现的十个转变

由于理论研究的滞后和思维惯性，在当前我国经济区域化在实践中难以有效推进，为此应对与行政区划经济相应十种观念和策略进行反思和变革，建设真正分工合作、协调发展的区域经济。     

政府失灵与政府职能转变

我们在认真分析政府失灵原因的同时 ,应积极探索防范政府失灵的途径。转变政府职能是防止政府失灵的措施之一。一要更新观念 ,转变政府管理方式 ,二要建立健全法律制度 ,规范政府行为 ,三要积极培育和健全社会中介组织     

Robust likelihood inference for public policy

Issues of public policy are typically decided by non‐specialists who are increasingly informed by statistical methods. In order to be influential, inferential techniques must be widely understood and accepted. This motivates the author to propose likelihood‐based methods that prove relatively insensitive to the choice of underlying distribution because they exploit a peculiarly stable relation between two standard errors and a 95% coverage probability. The author also notes that bootstrap and jackknife estimates of variance can sometimes be strongly biased. In fact, symbolic computations in R suggest that they are reliable only for statistics that are well approximated by averages whose distributions are roughly symmetric. The author thus proposes to transform the classical likelihood ratio into a statistic whose variance can be estimated robustly. He shows that the signed root of the log‐likelihood is well approximated by an average with a roughly symmetric distribution. This leads to Cox‐Tukey intervals for a Student‐like statistic and to simple confidence intervals for most models used in public policy.     

黄山市旅游业与居民生活水平协调质量测度研究

旅游产业的发展与居民生活水平的提高是否协调,这不仅是两个系统之间的问题,而是一个社会问题,旅游业与居民生活水平协调质量测度既强调分析二者在发展过程中的同步性,也强调了研究二者在发展过程中的增长性.2001年至2012年间黄山市旅游业与居民生活水平协调指数维持在0.8至1.0的之间,协调等级较高,2013年下降幅度较大.黄山市旅游业与居民生活水平协调质量指数在2001年至2012年间基本上处于稳步提升阶段,2013年出现了下降.未来黄山市既要保证旅游业的增长与居民生活水平的提升,同时又要保证二者在增长过程中的协调性与同步性,在实现旅游产业持续发展的同时又能保障居民更多地享受到旅游产业发展的成果.     

土地市场和区域经济耦合协调度分析

在探讨土地市场与区域经济耦合协调机理的基础上,利用耦合协调度模型对成都市2005-2012年土地市场和区域经济耦合协调关系予以实证研究.结果表明:两者的耦合协调度总体上呈现上升趋势,研究期间经历了极度失调衰退、一般失调衰退、勉强耦合协调和初级耦合协调四个阶段.土地市场发展失衡是影响两者耦合协调关系的主要因素.因此,加强土地市场管理保障土地市场的稳定发展是促进二者协调发展的关键.     

新兴城市高等教育与经济系统耦合协调度实证研究——以日照与威海两市2000～2011年的数据分析为例

以日照和威海两市为例,使用耦合协调度评价模型对其2000~2011年期间高等教育与经济两大系统的耦合协调状况进行评价分析后发现:两市两大系统之间都经历了从失调向协调的发展过程,但耦合协调度指标变化的平稳性存在差异。结合实际情况进一步分析可得到如下结论:构建满足经济发展需求的高等教育体系是两个系统耦合协调的前提,发展适度超前的高等教育是两个系统持续耦合和协调的关键,但新兴城市两大系统之间从极度失调转向初步协调至少需要经历5~6年的磨合期。为促进两大系统更好地耦合协调,新兴城市应以调研和规划为先导,建立以高层次优质高等教育为引领、以应用型高等教育为主体的高等教育体系,构建政府、企业和高校之间的有效交流与合作机制。     

考虑顾客行为与零售商公平关切的易逝品定价与供应链协调研究

本文在公平中性的供应商、公平关切的零售商和策略型与短视型顾客并存的供应链下,研究了零售商的最优定价与订货量及供应链的协调.研究发现,公平关切的零售商有提高产品价格和压低订货量的倾向;批发价契约难以实现供应链的协调;收益共享契约能实现供应链的完美协调.论文还讨论了零售商的公平关切程度和利润分享比例对供应商利润、零售商效用及供应链效用的影响.     

Implementing Operations Strategy: How Vertical and Horizontal Coordination Interact

We study the implementation of operations strategy at six German manufacturers in mature businesses. Search theory argues that vertical coordination (i.e., unilateral top‐down adjustment of lower‐level search actions) balances stability against the improvement potential enabled by frontline search and also that horizontal coordination (i.e., bilateral adjustment among lower‐level search actions) is required to ensure compatibility among the initiatives generated in various organizational subunits. Much less is known about how vertical and horizontal coordination interact in operations strategy implementation—that is the focus of this study. We first study how horizontal and vertical coordination affect the compatibility and creativity of distributed search, triangulating our cross‐level interviews with data on the manufacturers' productivity gains and their strategic projects. We then examine whether and how vertical and horizontal coordination interact. Our case comparisons suggest that leaving either one of them “loose” and keeping the other one “tight” results in a useful balance between compatibility and creativity; in contrast, tightening both types of coordination suppresses creativity and loosening both types risks incompatibility of initiatives across units. These results lead to a theoretical framework that identifies vertical and horizontal coordination as partial substitutes for operations strategy implementation.     

Improving the bridge structure by using linear failure rate distribution

In this paper, a system of five components is studied; one of these components is a bridge network component. Each of these components has a non-constant failure rate. The system components have linear failure rate lifetime distribution. The given system is improved by using three methods: reduction, warm standby with perfect switch and warm standby with imperfect switch. The reliability equivalence factors of the bridge structure system are obtained. The γ-fractiles are obtained to compare the original system with these improved systems. Finally, we present numerical results to show the difference between these methods.     

Strategic Inventory and Supply Chain Behavior

Based on a serial supply chain model with two periods and price‐sensitive demand, we present the first experimental test of the effect of strategic inventories on supply chain performance. In theory, if holding costs are sufficiently low, the buyer builds up a strategic inventory (even if no operational reasons for stock‐holding exist) to limit the supplier's market power, and to increase the own profit share. As it turns out, this enhances the overall supply chain performance. The supplier anticipates the effect of the strategic inventory and differentiates prices to capture a part of the increased supply chain profits. Our results show that the positive effects of strategic inventories are even more pronounced than theoretically predicted, because strategic inventories empower buyers by shifting the perception of the fair split. Overall, strategic inventories have a double positive effect, a strategic and a behavioral, both reducing the average wholesale prices and dampening the double marginalization effect. The latter effect leads to more equitable payoffs.