从普通话诊断看四川方言区的韵母难点--论普通话韵母e[γ]、uo[uo]在四川话中的对应

四川方言区的人学说普通话在韵母上的难点是多方面的,而普通话韵母e、o、uo不相区分是方言区的人带上方音色彩最主要的原因,本文论述了普通话韵母e[γ]、uo[uo]在四川话中的对应关系,以便四川方言区的人能够尽快克服方音,准确地把握好普通话.     

Prospects for trade in manufactured goods between industrial and developing countries, 1978–1990

This paper examines prospective changes in trade in manufactured goods between the industrial and the developing countries. Assuming the continuation of the policies followed by the industrial countries, it is projected that the manufactured imports of these countries from the developing countries would rise at an average annual rate of 12.5% between 1978 and 1980 while their manufactured exports would increase 9 7% a year. Nonetheless, the export surplus of the industrial countries in trade in manufactured goods would rise, contributing to the growth of industrial output. The expansion of their exports of manufactured goods would also contribute to economic growth in the developing countries, and both groups of countries would benefit from specialization according to comparative advantage.     

The impact of higher energy prices on growth and inflation in an industrializing economy: the Korean experience

The first serious problem faced by the Korean economy in recent years is the stagflation caused by the increasing energy cost of imported oil. How much does the oil crisis contribute to Korean inflation and unemployment? To answer the question, a variable input-output model is introduced. It differs from conventional models in one important respect: it allows the industrial structure to change in response to changing input costs. Under the model, the technical coefficient becomes an endogenous variable, a property that conventional input-output models fail to share.     

ADE-4: a multivariate analysis and graphical display software

We present ADE-4, a multivariate analysis and graphical display software. Multivariate analysis methods available in ADE-4 include usual one-table methods like principal component analysis and correspondence analysis, spatial data analysis methods (using a total variance decomposition into local and global components, analogous to Moran and Geary indices), discriminant analysis and within/between groups analyses, many linear regression methods including lowess and polynomial regression, multiple and PLS (partial least squares) regression and orthogonal regression (principal component regression), projection methods like principal component analysis on instrumental variables, canonical correspondence analysis and many other variants, coinertia analysis and the RLQ method, and several three-way table (k-table) analysis methods. Graphical display techniques include an automatic collection of elementary graphics corresponding to groups of rows or to columns in the data table, thus providing a very efficient way for automatic k-table graphics and geographical mapping options. A dynamic graphic module allows interactive operations like searching, zooming, selection of points, and display of data values on factor maps. The user interface is simple and homogeneous among all the programs; this contributes to making the use of ADE-4 very easy for non- specialists in statistics, data analysis or computer science.     

真之符合论困境与思考

As an important part in the philosophy of language, the issue of truth is a major concern among western philosophers. Philosophers have probed into this issue and put forward various types of theories of truth, such as correspondence theory, coherence theory, pragmatic theory, redundancy theory and semantic theory. Among them, the correspondence theory is the most far-reaching and widely accepted. By translating “truth” into the Chinese “zhen”, this paper interprets a variety of viewpoints on the correspondence theory of truth, analyzes the predicaments in its evolution and attempts to offer some reflections in reference to evidences from psycholinguistics     

真理符合论的逻辑演进、学理困境与可能出路

作为流传最广和影响最大的真理理论,符合论自形成之始就受到来自哲学与科学等领域的批评和责难。生物学、物理学等自然科学提供的实验证据,近代哲学的怀疑主义思潮,以及语言学转向之后的概念框架相对性论证,都对真理符合论的基本观点提出了质疑,从不同角度否定了命题与事实之间的对应关系,否决了符合论的认识论前提。尽管真理符合论存在某些学理困境,反符合论者提出的责难也有一定合理性,但我们应当保留真理符合论的基本气质,它在一种新的关于世界的理解视域中能够获得再生。     

Extending dual multiple factor analysis to categorical tables

This paper describes a proposal for the extension of the dual multiple factor analysis (DMFA) method developed by Lê and Pagès 15 to the analysis of categorical tables in which the same set of variables is measured on different sets of individuals. The extension of DMFA is based on the transformation of categorical variables into properly weighted indicator variables, in a way analogous to that used in the multiple factor analysis of categorical variables. The DMFA of categorical variables enables visual comparison of the association structures between categories over the sample as a whole and in the various subsamples (sets of individuals). For each category, DMFA allows us to obtain its global (considering all the individuals) and partial (considering each set of individuals) coordinates in a factor space. This visual analysis allows us to compare the set of individuals to identify their similarities and differences. The suitability of the technique is illustrated through two applications: one using simulated data for two groups of individuals with very different association structures and the other using real data from a voting intention survey in which some respondents were interviewed by telephone and others face to face. The results indicate that the two data collection methods, while similar, are not entirely equivalent.     

康定市吉居藏语所属问题

本文针对分布在四川甘孜州康定市吉居乡的藏族语言进行分析。吉居话的语言所属在以往研究里没有共识，有属于扎巴语的意见和属于康巴藏语的意见。通过与藏文的对比，可见该语言为一个属于康巴藏语崩波岗方言群的土话，并非木雅语或扎巴语。基于与吉居话周边土话的比较，我们提出吉居话属于崩波岗方言群雅砻江组的假设性结论。本文的分析方法亦能作为识别康巴藏语中方言所属的参考。     

A novel approach based on multiple correspondence analysis for monitoring social networks with categorical attributed data

In in most cases, the distribution of communications is unknown and one may summarize social network communications with categorical attributes in a contingency table. Due to the categorical nature of the data and a large number of features, there are many parameters to be considered and estimated in the model. Hence, the accuracy of estimators decreases. To overcome the problem of high dimensionality and unknown communications distribution, multiple correspondence analysis is used to reduce the number of parameters. Then the rescaled data are studied in a Dirichlet model in which the parameters should be estimated. Moreover, two control charts, Hotelling’s T² and multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA), are developed to monitor the parameters of the Dirichlet distribution. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulation studies in terms of average run length criterion. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a real case.     

商务信函话语的修辞建构

商务信函是商务实践活动中的主要沟通媒介和手段。商务信函话语的修辞效果在很大程度上关系到商务交际目的的实现。以西方修辞理论为切入点,运用比彻尔的修辞情境、亚里士多德的劝说策略、伯克的认同理论对商务信函话语的建构进行探讨。商务信函话语建构与特定商务修辞情境相匹配,运用认同策略,并结合传统的修辞诉诸,与目标受众达成广泛认同,以提高商务信函话语修辞效果,推动商务交际双方的修辞互动过程,达到商务修辞目的。