Cycles of Adaptive Strategies Over the Life Course

An increasing number of Australia’s ageing population are aging with long-term physical impairments. This study explored the life experiences of this group using a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 disabled Victorians, aged between 51 and 84 years, and an inductive thematic analysis undertaken. A relationship was found between the adaptive strategies that participants developed as they moved through life phases and the impairment stages. The implications of the emergence of a cyclical process of adaptation across the life course. and particularly in respect of aging, delivery of aged-care services and social workers in this sector are discussed.     

论语篇连贯的实现机制

连贯是语篇的重要特征,也是篇章分析的关键概念。语篇连贯是显性衔接和隐性衔接交互作用的结果,显性衔接带有明显的语篇标记,而隐性衔接无形式标记,对衔接手段的识别影响到对语篇的理解。在解读语篇时,读者必须充分认识到语篇连贯的显明性与隐含性,善于发现衔接,才能正确理解语篇的连贯意义。     

《诗经》中重章叠句的两种结构形式

重章叠句是《诗经》的一种重要表现手法,它对后世诗词创作影响较大,研究成果也颇为丰富,但多侧重对其外在形式。通过对《诗经》中所有诗歌篇目分析、梳理和归类,将原本表述笼统的重章叠句手法析分为静态回环与动态层进两类结构形式,并结合实例比较了二者的异同点,进而深化了对重章叠句手法的认识。     

基于功能文体学的大学英语语篇教学研究探析

通过从宏观结构到微观成分的功能文体分析,就大学英语语篇教学研究提供一种多维的理据：对语篇进行宏观结构的分析,有利于掌握其组织机制;而运用情景语境分析和主位推进分析,能对揭示语篇构成的环境因素、语篇的发展脉络起到总领的作用;恰当的衔接手段分析,则可以为读者理解语篇的连贯方式和领会语篇遣词的技巧发挥作用。     

Distribution of Closed Birth Intervals in a Heterogeneous Population

The probability distribution of parity-specific closed birth intervals in a heterogeneous population of women is obtained from Biswas' (1980) concept of gradually decreasing fecundabilities. The distribution of parity-specific last closed birth intervals and its moments of various orders are derived for a heterogeneous female population. Simulations are used to compare with models for a homogeneous female population with constant fecundability. The consideration of heterogeneity allows a better fit for empirical closed birth intervals.     

英语阐释性说明文层级连贯

针对英语专业作文中存在的主题不够突出、结构不合理、条理性不清等连贯性问题,结合低语境文化、主位推进模式、衔接手段等理论,提出英语阐释性说明文层级连贯作为解决方案。采用实证研究法,对英语专业实验班和对照班的阐释性说明文进行了层级连贯的横向和纵向对比研究。结果证明：层级连贯培训有助于学生作文水平的提高,培训后学生作文在主题、结构和条理性方面有明显进步。     

高校隐性思想政治教育实效性诸要素探析

新世纪,高校思想政治教育背景改变的同时,也要求思想政治教育方式的革新。隐性思想政治教育相对于显性思想政治教育而言,表现在教育目的的潜隐性、手段的非强制性、方法的多样性、接受的无意识性以及效果的持久性。隐性思想政治教育无论从哲学、心理学以及教育学角度来看,都有其实施的必要性。其最终实现还需运用主体、客体、介体和环体等思想政治教育要素。只有将显性和隐性教育合理结合,才能实现高效高质的高校思想政治教育。     

论高校隐性思想政治教育课程体系的构建

在现代课程论的视野下,思想政治教育课程应当是由显性课程和隐性课程共同构成的。构建一个完善的、科学的、具有实践意义的隐性思想政治教育课程体系,是高校思想政治工作必须给予高度重视的重大课题。文章从现代课程论的"大课程观"的视野出发,对隐性思想政治教育课程的内涵及特征进行了诠释,分析了高校隐性思想政治教育课程体系构建的原则,最后对隐性思想政治教育课程的主要构成要素活动、环境、制度的设计进行了深入研究。     

Phase II trial design with growth modulation index as the primary endpoint

Molecularly targeted, genomic‐driven, and immunotherapy‐based clinical trials continue to be advanced for the treatment of relapse or refractory cancer patients, where the growth modulation index (GMI) is often considered a primary endpoint of treatment efficacy. However, there little literature is available that considers the trial design with GMI as the primary endpoint. In this article, we derived a sample size formula for the score test under a log‐linear model of the GMI. Study designs using the derived sample size formula are illustrated under a bivariate exponential model, the Weibull frailty model, and the generalized treatment effect size. The proposed designs provide sound statistical methods for a single‐arm phase II trial with GMI as the primary endpoint.     

From waterfall plots to spaghetti plots in early oncology clinical development

Waterfall plots are used to describe changes in tumor size observed in clinical studies. They are frequently used to illustrate the overall drug response in oncology clinical trials because of its simple representation of results. Unfortunately, this visual display suffers a number of limitations including (1) potential misguidance by masking the time dynamics of tumor size, (2) ambiguous labelling of the y‐axis, and (3) low data‐to‐ink ratio. We offer some alternatives to address these shortcomings and recommend moving away from waterfall plots to the benefit of plots showing the individual time profiles of sum of lesion diameters (according to RECIST). The spider plot presents the individual changes in tumor measurements over time relative to baseline tumor burden. Baseline tumor size is a well‐known confounding factor of drug effect which has to be accounted for when analyzing data in early clinical trials. While spider plots are conveniently correct for baseline tumor size, they cannot be presented in isolation. Indeed, percentage change from baseline has suboptimal statistical properties (including skewed distribution) and can be overly optimistic in favor of drug efficacy. We argued that plots of raw data (referred to as spaghetti plots) should always accompany spider plots to provide an equipoised illustration of the drug effect on lesion diameters.