翻译中导致语篇主位推进改变的因素

从语序的角度分别论述了翻译中导致主位推进改变的三个因素,即形合与意合,前端重量原则与末端重量原则,主语显著语言与主题显著语言。文章旨在说明在译文中保留原文的主位推进固然重要,但由于语言的异质性,译入语特点不能忽略。因此,翻译时,应仔细分析原文的主位推进,并在遵循译入语习惯的基础上,合理调整译文的主位推进。     

An investigation into the two‐stage meta‐analytic copula modelling approach for evaluating time‐to‐event surrogate endpoints which comprise of one or more events of interest

Clinical trials of experimental treatments must be designed with primary endpoints that directly measure clinical benefit for patients. In many disease areas, the recognised gold standard primary endpoint can take many years to mature, leading to challenges in the conduct and quality of clinical studies. There is increasing interest in using shorter‐term surrogate endpoints as substitutes for costly long‐term clinical trial endpoints; such surrogates need to be selected according to biological plausibility, as well as the ability to reliably predict the unobserved treatment effect on the long‐term endpoint. A number of statistical methods to evaluate this prediction have been proposed; this paper uses a simulation study to explore one such method in the context of time‐to‐event surrogates for a time‐to‐event true endpoint. This two‐stage meta‐analytic copula method has been extensively studied for time‐to‐event surrogate endpoints with one event of interest, but thus far has not been explored for the assessment of surrogates which have multiple events of interest, such as those incorporating information directly from the true clinical endpoint. We assess the sensitivity of the method to various factors including strength of association between endpoints, the quantity of data available, and the effect of censoring. In particular, we consider scenarios where there exist very little data on which to assess surrogacy. Results show that the two‐stage meta‐analytic copula method performs well under certain circumstances and could be considered useful in practice, but demonstrates limitations that may prevent universal use.     

Levels and patterns of internal migration in Europe: A cohort perspective

Europe displays important variations in the level of internal migration, with a clear spatial gradient of high mobility in northern and western Europe but lower mobility in the south and east. However, cross-national variation in levels of internal migration remains poorly understood, because it is analysed almost exclusively using cross-sectional data and period measures. This paper seeks to advance understanding of cross-national variation in migration levels in 14 European countries by drawing on a recently proposed suite of migration cohort measures, coupled with internationally comparable retrospective residential histories. It shows that differences in migration levels are mainly attributable to variation in the extent of repeat movement, which is underpinned by the differences in mean ages at first and last move that together delineate the average length of migration careers. Cohort analysis provides a robust foundation for exploring the demographic mechanisms underpinning variation in migration levels across countries and over time.     

隐性课程:意蕴、价值与路径

隐性课程“润物无声”,它注重文化氛围的熏陶和学生内在素质的养成。高等学校的显性课程与隐性课程二者是相辅相成、密不可分的。当前高校过于重视显性课程建设,对于隐性课程的建设则相对认识不足。加强隐性课程建设势在必行。     

再述主位理论对议论性语篇的解释力

主述位理论一直以来是许多语言研究者关注的重点。本文探讨了议论性语篇中主述位结构的功能特点,也展示了主述位理论对这类语篇的解释力。在文章中同时运用了语料分析的方法来分析议论性语篇中主位推进模式的特点。     

How parenthood experiences influence desire for more children in Australia: A qualitative study

The low-fertility debate in developed countries has focused on the limits to family size posed by the financial costs of raising children, and difficulties combining work and family. Little attention has been given to the physical and socio-psychological experiences of conception, pregnancy, birth and early parenthood, and their potential effect on parity progression. Womens rising education and workforce participation rates are often seen as key factors in fertility decline, offering attractive alternatives to motherhood, but research suggests that they also undermine levels of knowledge, confidence and interest in motherhood. Demographers have made almost no link between people having fewer children than they might otherwise have had and their previous childbearing and childrearing experiences. Interviews conducted in South Australia in 2003–04 with parents of both small and large families show that fertility and family size are influenced both negatively and positively by experiences of having had children. The paper argues that if low fertility rates are to be stabilized or raised in developed countries, then researchers and policymakers must consider the physical and socio-psychological costs of having children for parents, and provide support mechanisms so that experiences of parenthood contribute as little as possible to fertility gaps and delayed fertility.     

等差数列中的连续方幂

设n是大于2的正整数,本文证明了:等差数列中至多有2个连续的n次方幂.     

从主述位角度看汉英翻译

本文从主述位角度分析汉英翻译,指出汉、英在主位结构上有相同之处,但更多的是不同之处。在符合英语行文习惯的前提下,保留汉语原文的主位结构和主位推进模式,可以最大程度传达原文所包含的语义信息。但由于汉英两种语言的差异,主位结构的不对等和主位推进模式的转换在翻译中是不可避免的现象,译者应当改变汉语的主位结构以符合英语的表达习惯。     

词汇学的对象和研究方法

同语音学和语义学、语法学和修辞学相比,词汇学是比较落后的单薄的。词汇学的发展需要重新认识自己的研究对象。明确词汇学的研究对象有利于词汇学的科学化。对研究对象的新认识也必将促进研究方法的更新。     

内隐记忆和外显记忆中的情绪依存性

情绪和记忆的关系一直是记忆心理学家非常关注的问题,也是目前记忆研究中的一个热点。文章介绍了认知心理学和情绪记忆的关系,回顾了情绪依存性理论和迁移恰当加工说,加深了对场合依存性记忆的理解,对情绪依存性记忆的本质是内隐的还是外显的作了进一步探讨,并运用情绪理论揭示了认知和主观情绪经验关系的本质。