刑事不起诉制度初探

刑事不起诉制度是刑事诉讼制度的一个组成部分，新《刑事诉讼法》对不起诉制度作了重大修改。笔对刑事不起诉制度的性质的界定、概念的表述进行了探讨，分析了刑事不起诉制度的理论价值和意义，对现行的不起诉制度的利弊提出了自己的一些看法和完善的意见。     

The Impact of Prison Hospice

Abstract

This study reports on a qualitative national telephone survey with coordinators of 14 prison hospice programs in 11 states. The rationale behind the survey was to learn about interdisciplinary collaboration between social work and criminal justice, using prison hospice as an exemplar of this collaboration. In addition to learning that all prison hospices in the study operate using an interdisciplinary team model and that most report high quality collaboration on the hospice team, the following additional five themes emerged: administrators and wardens are very supportive while correctional staff provides mixed support to team and program; greater collaboration with those outside prison hospice is critical; collaboration through prison hospice has a positive impact on dying prisoners; collaboration through prison hospice has a positive impact on prisoner volunteers; and, collaboration through prison hospice has a positive impact on the entire culture of the prison.     

贝卡利亚刑事诉讼思想论略

贝卡利亚是近代意大利最富盛名的刑法学家及启蒙思想家。其因在刑法学理论方面的杰出贡献而被后世奉为近代刑法学的鼻祖。但也正因为如此,学界往往忽视了其在刑事诉讼领域的诸多深邃思想。事实上,贝卡利亚在《论犯罪与刑罚》一书中提出了许多重要的诉讼法思想,如无罪推定、程序理性、程序公开、陪审制等等,这些思想均对现代刑事诉讼的形成产生极为重要的影响。     

司法权监督问题研究——以刑事司法活动为视角

司法权是国家权力体系的一个重要组成部分,对其进行监督非常必要。从司法权监督方式来看,我国已初步建立起由国家权力机关的监督、专门法律机关的监督、新闻传播媒体的监督、社会公众的监督等构成的司法权监督体系,但每一种监督方式在当下又面临着各自的缺陷与弊端。司法权监督任重而道远,未来的司法权监督应当走向规范、有序、实效和理性。     

俄罗斯非羁押性强制措施的机制及其启示

作为对“国家尊重与保护人权”宪法精神的回应,我国新《刑事诉讼法》对有关强制措施的内容作了较大的改进,但还存在很多不尽如人意之处,许多深层次的问题还没有解决.俄罗斯非羁押性强制措施对我国的羁押强制措施有借鉴意义,通过对其内容的分析,可以在树立人权至上观念、严格适用羁押强制措施、完善刑事强制措施适用的监控等方面进一步完善,以提高对我国公民合法权益的保护.     

刑事和解制度的价值分析

实践刑事和解制度,是为了实现其公正、效率、自由、秩序这些基本价值目标。首先,刑事和解可以促进被害人、加害人及社会公共利益保护的价值平衡。其次,刑事和解既可以实现被害人、加害人双方效率的最大化,也能全面提高刑事司法效率。再次,刑事和解在刑事司法领域贯彻了以人为本的思想和契约自由的精神。最后,刑事和解有利于恢复被犯罪破坏的社会关系,促进国家长治久安与社会和谐稳定。     

儒家文化对韩国刑事司法模式的影响——兼论对我国的启示

儒家文化在韩国一直保持了很好的传承,形成了近现代儒家刑事司法模式.尽管受到各种因素的冲击,新近韩国刑事司法模式融入了大量英美法元素,但儒家文化色彩的淡化并不意味着退出,相反,儒家文化引领着韩国稳步地实现了刑事司法模式的现代化转型.我国应重新审视儒家文化的社会主导地位,以儒家文化为立场与方法,将完善司法制度同社会转型结合起来,以创建社会和谐为最终司法目标,以主体视角审视自我需要和其他刑事司法模式,注重局部法律功能与整体法律功能的协调一致,采取适时局部调整与系统整合相结合的立法方法,不断促进我国刑事司法制度的完善.     

未成年人犯罪记录封存制度的中国实践：适用与走向

新《刑事诉讼法》将未成年人犯罪记录封存制度纳入其中,体现了对未成年当事人的特殊保护。但由于该规范本身过于原则、缺乏可操作性,与《公务员法》等诸多的民事、行政法律法规存在冲突等原因,导致其在司法实践中的贯彻落实和作用发挥存在困境。在中国语境下对其进行考量,应当通过相关的司法解释对该制度的启动主体、执行主体、封存程序、查询程序等加以细化,对“有关单位”“国家规定”等术语加以明确,并修正与之相冲突的法律法规,以达致自身完善和系统协调;在国际语境下对其进行审视,应当由未成年人犯罪封存走向前科消灭,且适用于所有的未成年人案件。     

古代知识世界的地理学观念史刍议

财产申报与刑罚惩治是反腐斗争的两种法律手段：前者重“防”,后者重“治”;前者依赖后者提供保障,后者需要前者实行源头控制和提供法理基础。两者并行不悖、相得益彰。我国主要依赖刑法制度反腐已不能满足现实需要,应尽快构建严格意义上的财产申报制度,并应以财产申报制度为主体重构反腐制度体系。我国刑法反腐应退至“二线”的“后盾”地位,并应根据财产申报制度进行相应调整。     

Impact of Uncertainty on Non-Medical Professionals' Estimates of Sexual Abuse Probability

ABSTRACT

The study assesses how an educational intervention describing uncertainty m child sexual abuse assessments affects estimates of sexual abuse probability by non-physician child abuse professionals (CAP). It evaluates whether CAP incorporate medical information into abuse estimates in concordance with Bayes' Theorem. Eighty-nine CAP estimated the abuse probability for a hypothetical preadolescent female: (1) randomly selected; (2) disclosing abuse; (3) with physical evidence of abuse; and (4) disclosing abuse but with a normal physical examination. CAP then attended a workshop that included discussion of uncertainty in abuse assessment. Post-lecture questionnaires, identical to pre-lecture questionnaires except for estimates of the examination sensitivity and specificity, were administered. Expected responses for post-lecture Scenarios (3) and (4) were generated using Bayes' Theorem and compared to actual responses. Respondents estimated a high abuse prevalence (average 32%, range 5 to 75%). Respondents incorporated medical information into their estimates in a Bayesian manner. However, they undervalued the medical exam findings relative to Bayes' Theorem. These findings suggest CAP had difficulty adjusting for medical uncertainty. Further research into approaches for more easily adopting Bayesian approaches to child abuse decisions may improve the quality of decisions made by child abuse professionals.