“疗救灵魂的贫乏，修补人性的缺陷”——茅盾文学翻译思想的文化解读

翻译研究中的文化转向为翻译研究打开了新视野，提供了新的理论阐释，也为探讨茅盾的文学翻译思想提供了理论依据。茅盾在1916年至1949年的33年间，翻译了外国诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧等文学作品近二百万字，其中大多是弱小民族、苏俄以及东欧国家的文学作品。在翻译实践过程中，茅盾对翻译问题的认识极为深刻，开创了国内翻译界对译者主体性研究的先河。同时，茅盾致力于世界进步文学的翻译和介绍，实现他那“疗救灵魂的贫乏，修补人性的缺陷”的政治目的，具有十足的功利性。     

Communicating Risks and Benefits from Fish Consumption: Impact on Belgian Consumers' Perception and Intention to Eat Fish

Communicating about the health effects of fish and seafood may potentially result in a conflict situation: increasing intake is desirable because of health and nutritional benefits, but higher consumption may also lead to an increased intake of potentially harmful environmental contaminants. In order to anticipate the communication challenge this conflict may pose, the research presented here aimed to assess the impact of risk/benefit communication on Belgian consumers' fish consumption behavior and fish attribute perception. Data were collected in June 2005 from a sample of 381 women, aged between 20 and 50 years. An experimental design consisting of four message conditions (benefit‐only; risk‐only; benefit‐risk; and risk‐benefit) combined with three information sources (fish and food industry; consumer organization; government) was used. Exposure to the benefit‐only message resulted in an increase from a self‐reported fish consumption frequency of 4.2 times per month to an intended fish consumption frequency of 5.1 times per month (+21%), while fish attribute perceptions only marginally improved. The risk‐only message resulted in a strong negative perceptual change in the range of two points on a seven‐point scale. This translated into an 8% decrease of behavioral intention (from eating fish 4.5 times per month to an intention of eating fish 4.1 times per month). Balanced messages referring to both risks and benefits yielded no significant change in behavioral intention, despite a significant worsening of fish attribute perception. The presentation order of benefits and risks in the balanced message showed a tendency to affect both behavioral intention and attribute perception, with the first message component being most influential. Information source did not yield any significant impact either on behavioral intention or on attribute perceptions, independent of the message content. The results from this study provide valuable insights for future risk/benefit and balanced communication about seafood.     

文学欣赏的三维构成

就文学阅读活动自身的特质而言，欣赏性阅读与消遣性、批评性的文学阅读有着不同的心理动机：既不停留于在作品中捕捉直接的感官满足，也无明确的功利性和目的性——不以“理性”分析为核心，它追求的是审美愉悦和陶冶升华。因而，作为一种富有特定审美意义的精神活动，对阅读者而言，文学欣赏活动在知、情、意等3个层面有它特有的要求，即：不将艺术等同于生活，漠视常理，认同而不模仿。这也是我们在文学欣赏活动中必须坚持的原则与欣赏态度。     

论迪尔凯姆社会学思想的实践意向

迪尔凯姆社会学思想的发展轨迹清楚地彰显了改良社会秩序的实践意向。面对19世纪中后期法国和欧洲社会的严重危机，迪尔凯姆运用科学的研究方法解剖了现代工业社会常态运行的机理和条件，发现社会危机的症结是整合社会秩序的法制和道德纽带出现了断裂。以此为基础，迪尔凯姆提出了改良社会秩序的原则性方案：国家监督下的职业规范和道德建设。     

从炼丹活动看道教与新教的义理差异

中国古代的炼丹活动产生了很多化学成就却一直没有产生近代化学,究其原因,主要在于以下两个方面:首先是因为道士们炼丹活动的指导思想带有神秘主义的义理体系;其次是因为道士们的炼丹活动带有强烈的世俗目的。而一旦这种神秘主义义理体系之下的炼丹活动,没有办法达到预定的世俗目的,就必然走向自身的式微和消亡。     

"立法正确"的神话之破解

"立法正确"的神话诞生于近代西方工业化的扩展和民族国家的形成,以"新国家学说"所主张的形式与内容相分离为理论基础。首先,它主张立法形式的正确性,要么将立法内容交由权力决定,使"恶法亦法"成为题中应有之义;要么认为内容出自形式,这纵然令人向往,但终究是个"神"的问题。其次,它假定立法内容的正确性,立法者不颁布"卑鄙的"法律,德国民族社会主义的立法实践,使这一假定成为彻底破灭的神话。"立法正确"的基本神话,可推出另外两个神话:⑴禁止法官造法和准确把握立法原意;⑵启蒙百姓懂法。同样,这两个神话也是永远不能实现的。文章还探讨了"立法正确"的神话破灭后之可能出路:一是人民的反抗权难题;二是法官如何以理释法。     

组织变革背景下员工角色超载的影响作用： 一个有调节的中介模型

组织变革日益成为我国企业进行转型升级的重要途径。以往研究对企业员工在变革背景下的角色压力及其影响后果关注不多,针对380名员工的问卷调查发现,在组织变革背景下,员工对自身角色超载的感知会降低他们对组织的情感承诺,进而提高其离职倾向,并同时降低其任务绩效、减少帮助行为。另外,员工在组织中的参与程度会调节上述中介关系。具体而言,当参与程度较高时,角色超载通过情感承诺间接影响离职倾向、任务绩效和帮助行为这三类结果的效应就会减弱,反之则增强。这些发现一方面增进了关于角色超载影响作用的深入理解,另一方面也对组织变革和压力管理的理论和实践提供了重要启示。     

物质的追求能否带来快乐与幸福--物质主义价值观及其影响研究

物质主义通常指一种强调物质拥有和社会声望重要性的个体价值观。高物质主义者在对外部目标的追求与基本心理需要的满足之间形成了一个不断循环的怪圈。这个循环体系维系了物质主义的生活方式,却也带来更低的自我评价、更高的不满意感和更负面的情绪反应。文章概括了物质主义价值观对幸福感的影响以及社会比较和自尊在其中的中介作用;物质主义价值观对人际信任与助人意愿的影响,也为指导大众树立正确的消费观念,开启健康的生活模式提供了建议和引导。     

Not Ethnic Enough: The Cultural Identity Imperative in International Adoptions from China to Canada

Based on a qualitative research of adoptions from China to Canada, this article analyses changing attitudes and approaches to racial and ethnic differences in adoptive kinship in the last few decades. I argue that culture celebration labour over children adopted from China is shaped by the contemporary Canadian culturalist ethos, the Orientalist imagination, and the Asian model minority stereotype. The cultural identity imperative, a core component of multicultural governmentality, perceives culture as an object, demands non‐white Canadian subjects with rooted belongings, and operates in ways that sanctions and incorporates, as it depoliticises and subordinates.     

Identity Development in a Transracial Environment: Racial/Ethnic Minority Adoptees in Minnesota

It has been argued that transracially adopted children have increased risk of problems related to self-esteem and ethnic identity development. We evaluated this hypothesis across four groups of transracial adoptees: Asian (n = 427), Latino (n = 28), Black (n = 6), mixed/other (n = 20), and same-race White adoptees (n = 126) from 357 adoptive families. No mean differences were found in adoptees’ ratings of affect about adoption or of curiosity about birth parents. Some differences were found in general identity development and adjustment. There were notable differences in communication about race/ethnicity across groups and between parent and child report.