ASSESSING CONGRUENCEAMONG DISTANCE MATRICES: SINGLE-MALT SCOTCH WHISKIES REVISITED

A test of congruence among distance matrices is described. It tests the hypothesis that several matrices, containing different types of variables about the same objects, are congruent with one another, so they can be used jointly in statistical analysis. Raw data tables are turned into similarity or distance matrices prior to testing; they can then be compared to data that naturally come in the form of distance matrices. The proposed test can be seen as a generalization of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence to any number of distance matrices. This paper shows that the new test has the correct rate of Type I error and good power. Power increases as the number of objects and the number of congruent data matrices increase; power is higher when the total number of matrices in the study is smaller. To illustrate the method, the proposed test is used to test the hypothesis that matrices representing different types of organoleptic variables (colour, nose, body, palate and finish) in single‐malt Scotch whiskies are congruent.     

日本政府"内向型"战争追悼理念及其成因

战后日德两国政府的战争追悼理念明显呈现"内向型"与"外向型"之差异。只向本国的战争罹难者特别是战死"皇军"将士和被处决战犯表示哀悼而拒绝向被侵略国家为数更多的死难者致哀,是日本政府"内向型"战争追悼理念的主要特征。其成因主要有四:"自卫战争史观"、"解放战争史观"、"靖国史观"等错误的历史观,是其形成的思想根源;日本政要的右派构成和日本政权的保守性质,是其形成的政治基础;战后秉持错误历史观的日本国民的大量存在,是其形成的社会土壤;战后宽松的国际地缘政治环境,是其形成的外部条件。     

论我国现行宪法的功能定位

按照宪政的要求,宪法应具有对人权的保障功能、对国家权力的控制功能、对民主政治的促进功能、对法治的推进功能、对经济发展的导向功能。我国1982年《宪法》虽是新中国成立以来最好的一部宪法,但它在功能定位上存在一些不合理之处。经过4次修正,其功能定位朝着合理性方向发展,有些功能的定位得到了改进,但有些功能的定位还需进一步完善。     

Lower bounds on expectations of positive L-statistics from without-replacement models

We consider samples drawn without replacement from finite populations. We establish optimal lower non-negative and upper non-positive bounds on the expectations of linear combinations of order statistics centered about the population mean in units generated by the population central absolute moments of various orders. We also specify the general results for important examples of sample extremes, Gini mean differences and sample range. The paper completes the results of Papadatos and Rychlik [2004. Bounds on expectations of L-statistics from without replacement samples. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 124, 317–336], where sharp negative lower and positive upper bounds on the expectations of the combinations were presented for the without-replacement samples.     

论政府的经济职能

政府的经济职能随经济社会发展而变化,不同时期不同经济体制下政府的经济职能不同,本文论述了政府经济职能的演变过程,分析了市场经济发达国家与我国政府经济职能的差异性,最后从理论上阐明了当前我国政府在经济发展、环境保护中应发挥的经济职能。     

电子政府——信息时代的新型政府组织形态

信息时代的网络技术改变了普通老百姓的生活和方式 ,也必然引起政府组织结构模式的变革。电子政府实现了政府组织结构和工作流程的重组优化 ,向全社会提供优质、规范、透明和全方位的管理与服务 ,是信息时代政府发展的必然选择     

Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test for stratified samples and Efron's paradox dice

Two-treatment multi-center clinical trials are the most common type of clinical trials in practice. The aim of this paper is to discuss a curious property of certain standard nonparametric procedures used in the analysis of such clinical trials. Different analyses of a simulated data example are presented, which lead to contrasting and surprising results. The source of the potentially misleading outcome is then explored while relating the simulated data with the concept of Efron's paradox dice and the notion of nontransitivity. With the root of the problem established, an alternate nonparametric method from the literature is shown to address the problem. Finally, pointing out an interpretational concern of using the alternate procedure, a modification to this procedure is also suggested and corresponding theoretical results are presented.     

浅论早期满族婚姻形态的宗法性

婚姻是人类繁衍自己后代的文明形式 ,是构成家庭、产生宗族的基础。早期满族的婚姻形态处处渗透了宗法的色彩和内容 ,以宗族家族利益为目的 ,财产作为婚嫁中介 ,严门第等原则成为制约满族婚姻缔结的宗法性因素 ;包办婚、收继婚、早婚、一夫多妻等婚姻习俗 ,反映了宗法的族权、父权、夫权在满族家庭婚姻生活中起着决定作用 ,体现了浓厚的宗法性     

湖北省高校科技成果转化的现状调查与分析

通过对高校科技工作管理者、高校教师以及部分企业的调研发现,目前影响湖北省高校科技成果转化的因素主要是政府管理、资金投入、高校观念转变与机制创新、企业重视等方面,并提出相应的对策与建议.     

基于绿色GDP的政府管理重理

当前在环境保护的加强和可持续发展战略的实施中,绿色GDP一词成为时尚,政府管理越来越强调与其相适应的法律制度、行政体制、管理制度等的建设,以最终实现最优生产、最适消费、最少废弃。本文从理论和实践的角度,探讨基于绿色GDP核算体系如何重理政府管理,改变政府管理的传统方式,发展科学的循环经济,完善全面的政绩考核和调节决策体系等,在一定程度上对政府职能的变革和完善提出了一些创新性的建议。