Finding environmentally important industry clusters: Multiway cut approach using nonnegative matrix factorization

This paper proposes an optimal combinatorial method for finding groups of industries with relatively large CO₂ emissions through industrial relations. Using an economic input–output table, we estimated a non-symmetric matrix describing how much CO₂ is emitted in producing the commodity of industry i, which was purchased to produce commodity of industry j, to meet the final demand for a specific commodity. A symmetric strength of relations matrix describing the CO₂ emissions associated with the industrial relations was further estimated using the non-symmetric matrix. The strength of relations matrix can be viewed as a representation of the supply-chain network of the final commodity. In this study, we estimated the strength of relations matrix associated with the final demand for automobiles and applied the multiway cut approach using nonnegative matrix factorization to the matrix in order to find environmentally important industry clusters in the Japanese automobile supply chain. According to our empirical results, the optimal number of industry clusters is 19, and 4 industry clusters are playing a key role in CO₂ emission reduction.     

Canadian Campus Smoking Policies: Investigating the Gap Between Intent and Outcome From a Student Perspective

Abstract

Background: Young adults remain the earliest legal target for the tobacco industry. Against this, the existence of smoking policies would appear to offer some protection to students on campus. However, little research has been conducted into the outcomes of such policies from a student perspective. Methods: The authors conducted 8 focus groups at 4 selected Canadian undergraduate campuses to investigate student perceptions and behaviors resulting from campus smoking policies. Results: Results indicated that student smoking behaviors are minimally impacted by campus smoking policies due to seriously compromised implementation and enforcement. Conclusions: These findings imply that the presence of campus smoking policies and claims of “smoke-free” campuses should not be misinterpreted as achievement and without renewed focus and adequate tobacco control infrastructure, it will remain possible for young adults to initiate and maintain tobacco smoking on campus.     

US Public Universities' Compliance With Recommended Tobacco-Control Policies

Abstract

To address the rise in tobacco use among college students, several national health organizations, including the American College Health Association, recommend that colleges enact smoking bans in and around all campus buildings, including student housing, and prohibit the sale, advertisement, and promotion of tobacco products on campus. Key informants at 50 US public universities, one from each state, were interviewed during the 2001/2002 academic year to assess the prevalence of these recommended policies. More than half (54%) of the colleges banned smoking in all campus buildings and student residences, 68% had no tobacco sales on campus, and 32% of the schools' newspapers did not accept tobacco advertising. Regional differences in adoption of these campus tobacco-control policies were present. Although this national sample of public universities had implemented some of the recommended policies, they must take further actions to comply fully with campus tobacco-control guidelines.     

关于宋元刊平话中的阴文

宋元刊平话中广泛存在着阴文这一特殊现象，而在明代刊印的章回与话本小说中阴文已消失。宋元刊平话中的阴文主要起醒目的提示作用，但是这种提示是针对说话人的，而非如明以后章回小说的回目等是面对读者的，因此可以从阴文在平话中的存在得出宋元刊平话是未经文人整理的说话底本的结论。阴文作为我国长篇小说发展历史中早期的一个现象，可以作为元刊小说的重要鉴定依据。     

Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Exposure-Response Relationships in Epidemiologic Studies

Demonstration of a dose-response relationship for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an important indication of causality. Central to the analysis and interpretation of dose-response relations as described in epidemiological studies is the relationship between dose and exposure. It must be recognized that in studies of ETS we have only surrogate measures of dose, and these surrogate measures (based on exposure) are imperfect. The question-based measures of ETS exposure generally have not been standardized, may have limited validity and reliability, and cannot comprehensively describe total ETS exposure, exposure to individual ETS components, nor doses of biologically relevant agents at target sites. Nevertheless, useful data have been yielded in epidemiologic studies linking ETS exposure to increased respiratory infection and symptoms, reduced lung growth in children, and increased lung cancer in nonsmoking adults. The more consistent exposure-response data for studies on acute health in children may reflect the greater difficulty in measuring exposure in studies of chronic health in adults.     

纸织画的独特表现语言

纸织画是永春的民间工艺，它的表现手法很独特，其独特性表现在织纸技术层面上。产生于相对落后的经济时代的这种独特民间工艺，有过它发展繁荣的时期，但随着经济的高速发展，这样的非物质文化视觉艺术已经随着时代变迁而处于濒临消亡的状态。正因为这一原因引起人们对这一独特织纸艺术的思考，织纸技术背后隐喻着很有现代意味的艺术形式，织纸的外表似乎已经“过时”，但是整个技术理性并不落后。最后对这一独特的民间工艺的独特表现语言进行理论上的分析和探讨。     

哲学公共课多媒体组合教学的切入点初探

本文就哲学公共课开展多媒体组合教学研究问题，从分析这门学科应用多媒体组合教学的可能性与必要性入手，初步探讨该课程多媒体组合教学的切入点问题，以期推动这一课程的改革     

新鲜蜂王浆和保鲜剂对非洲菊切花生理的影响

本文用新鲜蜂王浆和保鲜剂处理非洲菊切花，探讨它们对非洲菊切花寿命和生理的影响，结果表明：与对照相比较新鲜蜂王浆和保鲜剂都能提高非洲菊切花水分含量和可溶性糖含量，并降低了非洲菊切花过氧化物酶的活性，而这一切都有利于非洲菊切花的保鲜。     

QA95—630型钢坯剪切机焊接机身的有限元分析

建立了ＱＡ９５－６３０型钢坯剪切机焊接机身的力学模型，利用有限元分析软件Ｓｕｐｅｒ－ＳＡＰ对机身进行网格划分和有限元分析，输出应力数表、位移数表、等应力线图和等位移线图等结果，以帮助设计人员对机身进行校核、改进或重新设计。     

滞胀风险下我国宏观经济调控的政策选择

近期我国经济呈增速趋缓、物价攀升的边际滞胀态势。阻碍我国经济高速增长的因素主要是人口红利减少、储蓄—投资转化率低和制度不完善,引致我国通货膨胀的因素主要是政府宽松的财政货币政策、企业成本上涨和公众的高通胀预期。借鉴国内外有关滞胀治理的理论研究,我国应调整计划生育政策,提高劳动的收入份额,增加教育、医疗卫生和社保投入,实行结构性减税,完善科技投入体制,完善产权、户籍、社保和行政法律制度,明确货币政策的币值稳定目标,合理引导通胀预期。