钻进过程中井壁稳定性动态分析

现有的井壁稳定研究大多都属于静态的研究，并且将岩石近似为力学性质恒定的各向同性体，所得出的结论相对于钻井工作这一动态过程中所出现的真实情况会产生一定的误差。根据Mohr-Coulomb强度准则推导出的钻井液安全密度窗口计算公式，得到了适用的钻井液密度安全范围，然后利用有限元分析中的单元生死技术，模拟了钻井工程中井眼延伸和钻井液向地层渗透进而形成泥饼和污染带的过程，并将模拟得出的结果与理论计算出的钻井液安全密度窗口相结合，研究了在动态条件下更符合真实钻井过程的井壁应力变化规律。     

中国反倾销条例实体规则研究

通过对中国反倾销条例的研究 ,明确指出 :中国反倾销条例在倾销确认、损害界定等实体规则方面存在诸多问题 ,其规定过于笼统 ,缺乏具体可调整因素的规定 ,可操作性差 ;同时 ,在反规避措施采用和司法审查制度的建立等方面尚属空白。作为发展中国家 ,本着适度保护但又不违背世界贸易组织公平竞争精神的原则 ,处理好前瞻性与阶段性的关系 ,加紧研究制订中国反倾销实施细则 ,及时填补反倾销法律的漏洞 ,充实某些薄弱环节 ,使其更加完备 ,并有效指导我国反倾销实践     

论我国女性在非婚同居中的损害之法律救济

随着非婚同居行为的日益增多,随之而来的法律问题也呈现出多样化。虽法学界已意识到对非婚同居行为进行立法规范已成为刻不容缓的任务,但对同居中女性健康权问题依然没有引起足够重视。然而我国现有的婚姻法及相关法律中并未对非婚同居行为进行规范,女性在非婚同居中受到的人身损害也就难以得到相应的法律救济。本文主要通过分析女性在非婚同居中所受损害的类型以及我国现行法律对女性权益保护的不足,并借鉴国外相关的立法实践,结合我国社会的特点,提出对我国相关立法的完善。     

Comparative Study of Predictive Computational Models for Nanoparticle‐Induced Cytotoxicity

With the increasing use of nanomaterials incorporated into consumer products, there is a need for developing approaches to establish “quantitative structure‐activity relationships” (QSARs). These relationships could be used to predict various biological responses after exposure to nanomaterials for the purposes of risk analysis. This risk analysis is applicable to manufacturers of nanomaterials in an effort to determine potential hazards. Because metal oxide materials are some of the most widely applicable and studied nanoparticle types for incorporation into cosmetics, food packaging, and paints and coatings, we focused on comparing different approaches for establishing QSARs for this class of materials. Metal oxide nanoparticles are believed, by some, to cause alterations in cellular function due to their size and/or surface area. Others have said that these nanomaterials, because of the oxidized state of the metal, do not induce stress in biological tests systems. This controversy highlights the need to systematically develop structure‐activity relationships (i.e., the relationship between physicochemical features to the cellular responses) and tools for predicting potential biological effects after a metal oxide nanomaterial exposure. Here, we attempt to identify a set of properties of two specific metal oxide nanomaterials—TiO₂ and ZnO—that could be used to characterize and predict the induced cellular membrane damage of immortalized human lung epithelial cells. We adopt a mathematical modeling approach that uses the engineered nanomaterial size characterized as a dry nanopowder and the nanomaterial behavior in ultrapure water, phosphate buffer, and cell culture media to predict nanomaterial‐induced cellular membrane damage (via lactate dehydrogenase release). Results of these studies provide insights on how engineered nanomaterial features influence cellular responses and thereby outline possible approaches for developing and applying predictive computational models for biological responses caused by exposure to nanomaterials.     

承担侵权责任的规则研究

法律原则是一种形而上的价值抽象,法律规则指采取一定的结构形式具体规定责任主体的法律义务以及相应法律后果的行为规范。承担侵权责任的规则具有基本原则强度大的显示性特征和更强的确定性和可操作性,即相对于原则法官不容易偏离规则作出裁决。承担侵权责任的基本规则主要有有过错就有责任、严格责任法定承担、自己责任自己承担、共同侵权共同承担连带责任、非责任人致害责任人替代承担和受害人有过失减轻加害人责任等规则。     

《反垄断法》第五十条评析

反垄断损害赔偿责任与民事损害赔偿责任在目的、构成要件及实现方式等方面都有着显著的区别。但是我国《反垄断法》第五十条规定极为简单,并以民法为依据,这无疑会影响这部反垄断法的实施效果。因此必须在《反垄断法》中明确反垄断损害赔偿责任。     

院前医疗急救各方当事人诉讼地位的实例分析

文章通过对一起典型案例的分析,阐明在我国建立的以急救中心(站)为主体、急救网络医院共同参与的院前医疗急救模式下,发生涉及院前医疗急救的民事案件时,患者应以原告身份参加诉讼,急救中心(站)是此类案件的被告,急救网络医院不能作为诉讼当事人。     

A Delphi Method Expert Survey to Derive Standards for Flood Damage Data Collection

For the purpose of flood damage analyses reliable, comparable, comprehensive, consistent, and up-to-date data are an indispensable need. Like in many other countries a database with this kind of datasets does not exist in Germany. To establish it, standards have to be set for flood damage data collection. We approached this problem by questioning experts about their information needs for flood damage analysis. This survey is done by applying a Delphi survey approach. The aptitude of the Delphi approach to assess, structure, and standardize expert knowledge is evaluated in this article. In the survey a panel of 55 experts working in the field of flood damage analysis for insurances, engineering companies/consultancy, public water management, and universities and other scientific institutions helped to identify common information needs. The multi-step Delphi method proved to reduce the deviation of answers thereby enabling consensual results and also enhanced the quality by modifying group answers in the direction of experience based answers. There was also a high level of congruence in information needs between experts from different fields of employment that allowed the derivation of common standards.     

对《刑法修正案(八)》关于污染环境罪规定的理解与探讨

《刑法修正案(八)》对《刑法》第338条做了重要修改, 将原来的“重大环境污染事故罪”改为“污染环境罪”, 使得污染环境罪刑法治理理念发生了重大转变;通过修改犯罪客观要件, 降低了该罪的入罪门槛, 扩大了刑事追究范围, 这都有助于更有效地惩治环境犯罪。但同时也带来了污染环境罪危险犯的设立及该罪主观罪过的合理区分等问题, 需要在立法中进一步加以明确。     

完善第三人精神损害赔偿制度的思考

第三人精神损害是指第三人因耳闻或目睹直接侵权行为所造成的严重伤害而引起的心神不定、精神萎靡、绝望等种种精神损伤的总称。我国第三人精神损害赔偿确立的时间较短,现行法中存在许多不足:立法简单、零散,缺乏系统性、可操作性;第三人范围过于狭窄;赔偿范围过于狭窄;精神损害赔偿金额缺乏明确定位。因此,第三人精神损害赔偿须在如下方面进一步加以完善:完善立法体例;扩大赔偿的范围;明确第三人的范围;规定赔偿金额的幅度。