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61.
62.
基于“目标群体回应行动评价政策及执行有效性”的思路,利用汾渭平原微观农户调查数据,以农户的清洁取暖采纳行动来评估“双替代”政策及环境规制执行效能。鉴于清洁取暖双重政策目标,将农户清洁取暖采纳分为采纳决策和采纳效果两个阶段。采用Heckman模型,从约束型规制和激励型规制两个维度分析不同环境规制手段对农户清洁取暖采纳的影响效应。结果表明:约束型规制对农户清洁取暖采纳决策具有显著正向影响,而对农户清洁取暖采纳效果具有显著负向影响;激励型规制对农户清洁取暖采纳决策和采纳效果均有正向影响。控制内生性的IV Heckman模型和PSM反事实估计结果支持了上述研究结论。运用同时克服环境规制内生性和样本选择偏差问题的IV Heckman模型,从中央政府信任和地方政府信任两个层级拓展研究不同政府信任在环境规制对农户清洁取暖采纳影响中的调节作用。结果表明:中央政府信任在约束型规制对农户清洁取暖采纳中发挥增强性调节作用,地方政府在约束型规制和激励型规制对农户清洁取暖采纳中均发挥增强性调节作用。最后,提出环境规制政策执行应兼顾农户资本禀赋差异、提升地方政府信任度等对策建议。 相似文献
63.
Persuasive argumentation in negotiation 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Katia P. Sycara 《Theory and Decision》1990,28(3):203-242
64.
Measuring credibility of compensatory preference statements when trade-offs are interval determined 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper studies how an overall fuzzy preference relation can be constructed in the compensatory context of the simple additive difference model, when imprecision on the trade-offs has to be taken into account. Three credibility indices of preferences are analysed and illustrated by a numerical example. Arguments are presented supporting the use of the third index, for which an interesting transitivity property (which was an open problem) is proved. 相似文献
65.
66.
Louis Marinoff 《Theory and Decision》1993,35(1):55-73
In quantum domains, the measurement (or observation) of one of a pair of complementary variables introduces an unavoidable uncertainty in the value of that variable's complement. Such uncertainties are negligible in Newtonian worlds, where observations can be made without appreciably disturbing the observed system. Hence, one would not expect that an observation of a non-quantum probabilistic outcome could affect a probability distribution over subsequently possible states, in a way that would conflict with classical probability calculations. This paper examines three problems in which observations appear to affect the probabilities and expected utilities of subsequent outcomes, in ways which may appear paradoxical. Deeper analysis of these problems reveals that the anomalies arise, not from paradox, but rather from faulty inferences drawn from the observations themselves. Thus the notion of quantum decision theory is disparaged. 相似文献
67.
Maria Brouwer 《Journal of Management and Governance》2005,9(3-4):237-255
Organizational innovation is essential to economic development. But, the way successful societies have organized new ventures
has been remarkably similar in both past and present. The commenda organizations of medieval Italy shared many characteristics
with modern startups that are financed by venture capital. Profit share contracts; limited liability and periodic reevaluations
are cases in point. Agency contracts in both types of ventures are designed to absorb the high uncertainty inherent to these
enterprises through risk sharing. Uncertainty prohibits a unique ex ante ranking order of investment projects and prompts
investors to look for hidden human capital. Equity finance is better equipped to even out unexpected losses and gains that
are inherent to uncertainty than debt finance. 相似文献
68.
Optimization Model and Algorithm for Crew Management During Airline Irregular Operations 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Airline irregular operations have long been a realm where human experience and judgement are the most important tools to utilize. Crew management during irregular operations is usually the bottleneck of the whole system-recovering process due to complicated crew schedules and restrictive crew legalities as well as the size and scope of the hub-and-spoke networks adopted by major carriers. A system-wide multi-commodity integer network flow model and a heuristic search algorithm for the above purpose are presented and discussed in this paper. The computational experiences show that the algorithm is efficient enough to solve problems of realistic size and also has the flexibility to accommodate practical business requirements. 相似文献
69.
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of task information (TI) provided by an interface agent during the idea evaluation and integration step of the problem formulation stage of the problem solving process. The effectiveness assessment was based on solving diagnostic decision problems in the domain of complex industrial machinery. Ten domain experts participated in this study. Decision support was provided by a case-based reasoning system. Findings suggest that TI provided by the interface agent had no effect on the decision maker's performance, nor on the associated cognitive effort. However, a verbal protocol analysis revealed that the ten subjects used the interface agent to verify their decision processes. The results and their implications are discussed with respect to current findings in the area of decision support systems. 相似文献
70.
研究了只有部分属性权重信息、属性值以语言变量或不确定语言变量形式给出且决策者对方案有偏好信息的语言多属性决策问题.给出了语言变量和不确定语言变量的运算法则,以及不确定语言变量之间比较的可能度公式,定义了语言变量的偏离度概念.在属性值以1)语言变量和2)不确定语言变量,这两种形式给出的情形下,分别建立了一个基于偏离度的目标规划模型,并通过求解这两种模型分别获得相应的属性权重.然后对于情形1),利用语言加权平均(LWA)算子,对语言决策信息进行加权集成,继而对方案进行排序和择优;对于情形2),利用不确定语言加权平均(ULWA)算子,对不确定语言决策信息进行加权集成,并利用可能度公式构造可能度矩阵(互补判断矩阵),继而利用互补判断矩阵排序公式对决策方案进行排序和择优.最后进行了实例分析. 相似文献