《论语》中的修养之道——从文本形式进入的思考

《论语》记载了孔子的言行及其与弟子时人的问答,解读时宜把语录意义与语录存在的具体语境、涉及的特定对象联系起来;假如脱离具体境况纯粹作形而上的认识,就不免有断章取义之嫌。语录涉及的对象大略分为"君"、"仕"和"士"三类,其中的修养之道各有侧重:关于"君",要求仁爱、以身作则;关于"仕",要求敬事、谨慎、谦恭和识时务;关于"士",则要求有信仰和批判的精神,奋发有为。孔子提出这样的修养之道,是根据角色定位("角色")和适时而处("时中")的原则,其中关于个体性和社会性相统一的认识尤其有当代意义。     

Effects of a Punitive Environment on Children's Executive Functioning: A Natural Experiment

Few studies have examined the influence of environmental factors on children's executive functioning (EF) performance. The present study examined the effects of a punitive vs. non‐punitive school environment on West African children's EF skills. Tasks included a ‘cool’ (relatively non‐affective) and ‘hot’ (relatively affective/motivational) version of three EF tasks: delay of gratification; gift delay; and dimensional change card sort. Children had more difficulties with the hot versions of the tasks than the cool versions, and older children outperformed younger children. After controlling for verbal ability (Peabody picture vocabulary test‐third edition), a consistent pattern of interaction between school and grade level emerged. Overall, kindergarten children in the punitive school performed no differently than their counterparts in the non‐punitive school. However, in grade 1, children in the punitive school performed significantly worse than their counterparts in the non‐punitive school. These results point to the need to consider interactions among discipline style, age, and internalization processes of self‐regulation to better understand environmental influences on EF development.     

“魂随南翥鸟,泪尽北枝花”——论沈宋贬谪诗的沉郁悲怨之美

沈佺期、宋之问是初唐著名的宫廷诗人.在贬逐南方时期创作了许多艺术成就高的贬谪诗,本文着重从三方面探讨蕴含其中的美学特征:诗歌抒情内质重新建构,景为情染,情为景生,充溢着悲剧美色彩;艺术手法娴熟运用,真切细腻地展现了诗人复杂的内心世界;诗歌的语言风格也为之一变,由以前的典雅富丽之风逐渐变为清新婉转之气.     

宋代文学选本形态刍论

宋代文学选本形态在继承前代选本形态的基础上，又有新的变化与拓新。在分门别类、以类相从方面，宋代文学选本对作品的分类依据更为多样，类目更为细密；在层级结构方面，宋代文学选本的层级结构方式更为灵活，既有对前代二元层级结构的翻转，又更多地采用一元层级结构；在区分等次方面，宋代文学选本对作品的区分既有等级分明、壁垒森严者，又有纯为逞才竞技而排列名次者。宋代文学选本这种既相对稳定，又创意出新、灵活多变的文本形态，对后世文学选本的编纂多有启发、示范之功。     

“托物取象”与诗性言说——论古典文论对李健吾文学批评的影响

李健吾的文学批评在古典文论的影响下形成了独树一帜的批评风范.他强调直觉感悟,善于营造意象,运用比喻、象征、类比等手法传达阅读感受,形成“托物取象”的论证方法;形式自由,短小精悍,文字飘逸、饱含诗情,形成了诗性言说下的散漫文体与诗意语言风格.     

充分世界化与民族复兴——试论胡适的中西文化冲突解决方案

面对近代中国尖锐复杂的文化冲突，胡适提出了充分世界化的方案，试图克服各种变相的“中体西用”论及其中蕴藏的虚骄自大心理。这是一个被视为“全盘西化”论、强调自我反省和自强开放的中国现代文化建设方案。尽管其中的缺陷十分突出，但对推进中国的民族复兴大业仍有一定的参考价值。     

Rational-experiential thinking style and rational intergroup cooperation: the moderating role of intergroup conflict / Estilos de pensamiento racional-experiencial y la cooperación intergrupal racional: el rol modulador del conflicto intergrupal

Cooperative relationships between groups are difficult because of the high human capability to differentiate between in-group vs. out-group members. This obstacle exists even when the groups can obtain benefits for themselves from cooperation with other groups (rational cooperation). Based on an interactionist approach, the authors propose that personal (individual differences) and situational (conflicts) factors contribute to rational intergroup cooperation. The authors conducted a preliminary correlational study (Study 1) and an experimental investigation (Study 2). In Study 1, the authors examined, with 105 participants, the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Rational–Experiential Inventory (REI), measuring individual differences in information processing. In Study 2, the authors conducted an experimental investigation with 141 participants, testing the role of individual differences and conflict in intergroup rational cooperation. Findings of Study 1 showed that the scale has adequate psychometric properties. Results of Study 2 confirmed that the existence of both manipulated and perceived intergroup conflict reduces the magnitudes of the relationships between rational ability and rational cooperation. In addition, perceived intergroup conflict increased the magnitude of the links from experiential ability and experimental engagement to rational cooperation. Both individual differences and previous conflict have a role in predicting rational intergroup cooperation. According to the interactionist approach, personal and situational factors should be considered in the understanding of intergroup relationships.     

章怀太子墓壁画《仪卫图》与“画圣”吴道子

章怀太子墓室壁画是唐人物画中的最具代表性作品之一。特别是《仪卫图》的绘画风格和绘画技法,有"吴带当风"独特性。笔者认为,有很多历史线索和证据都在向我们表明,该作品的作者很有可能就是我国唐朝最著名的"画圣"吴道子。     

论张华与晋初诗风演变

张华在晋初诗风演变过程中起到了关键作用,他高踞晋初文坛宗主之地位,奖掖后进,倡导文学,打破了曹魏后期文学创作的枯寂,开启了太康文学繁盛的先河。张华以其温丽清省的诗学追求及创作实践,对于魏晋诗风的转型起了重要作用。张华柔顺文明的人格理想对于西晋士风及诗风的演变也产生了重大影响。     

怎一个“怪”字了得——评麦家的长篇小说《暗算＊》

茅盾文学奖获奖作品《暗算》,在题材的新奇神秘、人物的特立独行、语言的冷峻怪味及构思的奇巧诡谲等方面均有独到之处,为新世纪长篇小说创作开创了一种新的题材领域和风格样式。