Ranking paired contestants

The ranking of paired contestants (players) after a series of contests is difficult when every player does not play every other player. In the 1975 JASA Mark Thompson presented a maximum likelihood solution based on the assumption that the probability of any one player defeating any other is a function only of the difference in their ranks. Here the linear approximation to that likelihood is shown to lead to a nonparametric measure of the efficacy of the ranking, called the net difference in ranks (NDR) , which is the sum of the differences in ranks of the paired players in the observed contests that agree with the ranking minus the sum of the differences in ranks in the observed contests that disagree with the ranking (upsets) . The subject is part of a large literature that has been consolidated by H.A. David in The Method of Paired Comparisons (1963, 1988). The method was introduced by the psychophysicist Fechner in 1860 and has been widely applied to sensory testing,     

高等教育国际化与文化差异教学

本文指出高等教育在国际化进程中必须重视文化教学，尤其是中西文化的差异教学。     

Identity,difference and community in Southern Irish Protestantism: The Protestants of West Cork

This article looks at how the Protestants of West Cork came to terms with Irish independence, and how they have responded to the major social and political changes of the past decades. West Cork Protestants are geographically peripheral to the Southern Protestant population as a whole, and have a weaker socio-economic profile. They live in an area that saw some of the fiercest fighting and worst atrocities in the war of independence and civil war. Their experience throws considerable light on issues of whether Protestants were a privileged or oppressed minority, and whether and how they integrated into the new state. Extensive in-depth interviews are used to show how West Cork Protestants reconstructed their identity, defined their differences from Catholics and maintained community in the years since independence.     

《释名》中的“同字为训”

文章对《释名》中的20例同字为训从语音变异、语义差别、词性异同、语义关系方面进行了全面分析，指出《释名》中的同字为训是同字异词现象，其训释是成立的；并进而指出，同字为训在同源系联中有可利用的价值。     

关于珠三角河网地带路桥衔接处沉降差问题的探析

对珠江三角河网地带存在严重的路桥衔接处路面沉降差问题的原因进行了分析，指出目前设计规范存 在的不足，提出了解决该问题的建议，并介绍处理该问题的工程实践方法．     

中美利差对人民币汇率变动的影响分析

以利差对汇率传导机制和路径的理论分析为基础，通过建立汇率行为路径分析模型，检验有关名义利差与名义汇率关系的理论和经验方面的问题。中美实证研究结果表明，名义利差变动对名义汇率变动的影响支持利率平价理论，但利差对汇率变动的传导路径较利率平价理论更为复杂，且传导方式和效应大小在2005年7月汇改前后有显著差别。     

堆垒级数部分和的一般公式

利用阶乘幂差分的重要性质,得到堆垒级数部分和的一般公式.     

Anti-statism and Difference Feminism in International Social Movements

Feminist strategies that neglect or consistently deplore state action cannot accomplish what women need – because individuals need collectives such as states to solve collective action problems and to move toward more just social arrangements. Strategies that rely heavily on women's differences from men also cannot accomplish what women need – because women are like men in many ways relevant to individual and collective action. Despite these truths, social movements also need some strategies of action that work separately from and sometimes against the state. Moreover, strategies that accentuate the differences between oppressed and oppressing bring needed energy to a movement. The best overall strategy is, therefore, to realize that both states and difference theories are dangerous weapons, and proceed with caution.     

Journeying Toward the Nation(al): Cultural Difference at the Crossroads of Old and New Globalisations

The superimposition of new migratory flows linked to post‐Cold War global realignments upon older migratory flows marked by the global alignments of colonialism have profoundly marked contemporary Britain. Alongside policies and practices of security aimed especially at Muslims, struggles over the meaning of the plurality of cultural forms signalled by ‘multiculturalism’ have assumed a central place in government, media and popular discourse as the provenance and scope of Britishness and citizenship are debated in attempts to foster social cohesion. Against this context, and with specific reference to the British Caribbean population, this article explores the shifting subject positions and subjectivities that are constituted in the crucible of cultural difference and multiple forms of border crossing, and the anxieties these produce as they expose the instabilities inherent in the constitution of nation and national belonging.     

论优秀创作主体的心理特性

求异性作为优秀创作主体不可缺少的心理特性是由创作的特殊性决定的.任何优秀的文学作品都离不开求异,作家求异心理越强,写的作品越出色,求异方能出新,求异还要合理,要注意开创有利于求异的好环境.成为优秀作家的心理特质就是多情,情感对于艺术创作具有动力性,必须要有情感经验凝结成的主体图式,才能唤起情感反应,没有感情的作用,客观事物的特征就不可能转化为形象胚胎,而造就作家多情的心理特质的最大因素是广历.