曹雪芹的无神论思想——兼论高鹗的神权观

曹雪芹的无神论思想在《红楼梦》前八十回中有大量体现,其中虽然写了许多神仙的故事,但是这些神仙的名字都叫茫茫大士,渺渺真人,空空道人,警幻仙姑;而地名则叫大荒山,无稽压,太虚幻境等等.曹的用意十分明确:这些不过是渺、茫、空、幻,荒诞的无稽之谈,属于"贾(假)语村言",和此书不记何年何代,地点可南可北一样,都是为了给此书蒙上一层虚无飘渺的色彩,以掩盖其现实严肃的政治内容.曹雪芹虽写了一系列神话故事,但一写到现实的和尚,尼姑,道士,道婆一类人物,大都采取揭露和批判的态度.与高鹗在后四十回中大量传播神权和因果报应得封建迷信思想,形成鲜明的对比.     

环北京地区生态环境与生态灾害历史研究

北京从金代海陵王营建中都,历金、元、明、清、民国,至今已建都近千年。在漫长的历史时期中,随着地区经济的发展和人口的增多,北京及其周边地区的生态环境不断被破坏,各种生态灾害愈演愈烈。自然灾害的加剧反过来又激化了社会矛盾,影响了历史的进程。本文对历史文献记载的生态灾害进行了回顾,就其原因及应对措施作了分析和探讨。     

Negotiating Solidarity: Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People and the ‘NGO-ization’ of Postcolonial Narrative

This essay examines the relationship between transnational non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and postcolonial disasters as represented in literature. After the 1990s expansion of humanitarian organizations, a wide array of NGO-related literature emerges, including depictions of aid workers in fiction as well as humanitarian-authored narratives. While these texts contain a capacity for self-critique typically lacking in transnational NGO campaign materials, they remain mired in a ‘bureaucratic imagination’, sequestered from supposed beneficiaries. Alongside this literary development is an increasing pressure on postcolonial fiction to align with narrowly defined NGO missions, or what might be called an ‘NGO-ization of postcolonial narrative’. This essay interprets Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People as a vociferous refutation of such humanitarian pressure. Sinha stages the interaction between subaltern survivor and humanitarian benefactor not in terms of heroic salvation or radical rejection but as a conditional and negotiated solidarity. Disaster thus creates an opportunity to reimagine the subaltern-humanitarian relationship.     

1929年新康轮案研究

1929年7月21日，在中国山东海面，日船龙野丸号无故撞沉了中方船只新康轮号。案件发生后，中国有关各方采取积极措施对日交涉。但日方对交涉采取抵制、敷衍态度。日方的态度引起遇难家属和上海社会各界的极大愤慨，并由此在上海地区掀起了一股反日浪潮。新康轮案解决未果，一方面是由于近代以来中国领事裁判权和中国领海管辖权的丧失，使中国丧失了对外国肇事船舶的独立审判权；另一方面则是因为国民政府实力弱小，拿不出切实办法迫使日本邮船会社前来应诉，更无法迫使其对新康轮案进行道歉和赔偿。     

我国灾后废墟管理的进程、问题与趋势初探

废墟管理和垃圾废物处理,是灾后恢复重建以及环境保护工作的难点和重要内容。近年来,我国自然灾害频繁,废墟量不断增多,废墟垃圾若不综合利用、处理,不仅影响灾后恢复重建,而且还会加重生态灾难。而我国在废墟管理方面还相对落后,在废墟处理、管理等环节存在突出问题和技术难题。借鉴日本废墟管理有益经验,废墟管理呈现向专业化、市场化、智能化和法制化方向发展的趋势。     

宋教仁的帝国主义论与民族解放思想

宋教仁对帝国主义的侵略特点和战争本质都有深刻的新认识.他在20世纪初敏锐地预见到国际战略格局的新变化,认为日、美、英等国在亚太地区的激烈争夺,必然导致日美之间的战争;同时剖析了欧洲德、奥、意"三国同盟"与英、法、俄"三国协约"的形成与矛盾的尖锐化.认为这必将导致世界大战的爆发.他提出,中国应该利用帝国主义之间的矛盾,配合世界性民族独立解放运动的新潮流,争取中华民族的独立与解放.     

高校大学生行为缺失的表现与对策

近些年,大学生行为缺失现象日益突出,本文对当前大学生行为缺失现象加以分析,对当代大学生存在的各种行为缺失现象进行归纳,找出这些现象产生的根源,并为防止这些现象的发生提出相应对策。     

Assessing and Improving the Performance of Nearly Efficient Unit Root Tests in Small Samples

Abstract

The development of unit root tests continues unabated, with many recent contributions using techniques such as generalized least squares (GLS) detrending and recursive detrending to improve the power of the test. In this article, the relation between the seemingly disparate tests is demonstrated by algebraically nesting all of them as ratios of quadratic forms in normal variables. By doing so, and using the exact sampling distribution of the ratio, it is straightforward to compute, examine, and compare the test' critical values and power functions. It is shown that use of GLS detrending parameters other than those recommended in the literature can lead to substantial power improvements. The open and important question regarding the nature of the first observation is addressed. Tests with high power are proposed irrespective of the distribution of the initial observation, which should be of great use in practical applications.     

Workplace Crisis Intervention

Summary

The workplace, where adults spend about one-third of their lives, would seem an ideal place from which to promote health and respond to crisis. This paper employs a systematic statistical review of experimental and quasi-experimental research on workplace-based crisis intervention programs. Nine studies were identified that met inclusion criteria for further analysis. Results suggest that the workplace can be a useful platform from which to provide crisis intervention programs.     

Economics of Disaster Risk,Social Vulnerability,and Mental Health Resilience

We investigate the relationship between exposure to Hurricanes Katrina and/or Rita and mental health resilience by vulnerability status, with particular focus on the mental health outcomes of single mothers versus the general public. We advance a measurable notion of mental health resilience to disaster events. We also calculate the economic costs of poor mental health days added by natural disaster exposure. Negative binomial analyses show that hurricane exposure increases the expected count of poor mental health days for all persons by 18.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.44–31.14%), and by 71.88% (95% CI, 39.48–211.82%) for single females with children. Monthly time‐series show that single mothers have lower event resilience, experiencing higher added mental stress. Results also show that the count of poor mental health days is sensitive to hurricane intensity, increasing by a factor of 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02–1.10) for every billion (U.S.$) dollars of damage added for all exposed persons, and by a factor of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03–1.14) for single mothers. We estimate that single mothers, as a group, suffered over $130 million in productivity loss from added postdisaster stress and disability. Results illustrate the measurability of mental health resilience as a two‐dimensional concept of resistance capacity and recovery time. Overall, we show that natural disasters regressively tax disadvantaged population strata.