从电影《2012》到"新灾变时代"——从气候变迁史解读"世界末日"问题

电影《2012》演绎的板块快速移动，引起世界范围内的毁灭性灾难其实是不科学的。古今所谓“世界末日”观念，均无科学依据。全新世以来，古气候发展有四个主要阶段，并具有2500-3000年的周期，先后分别是前北方期一北方期、大西洋期（黄金时代）、亚北方期（灾变时代）、亚大西洋期（新黄金时代）。目前，亚大西洋期接近结束，一个新灾变时代即将到来，并将对世界气候环境造成不可估量的重大影响。我国东部季风环流势必遭受干扰，西部干燥化将加强。     

高校腐败的变化趋势及其预防机制研究

随着高等教育的快速发展,国家对高校的投入力度不断增加,高校经费得到了急剧增长。与此同时,高校也成为腐败多发易发的重点领域,一些腐败案例引起了社会各界的广泛关注。文章基于对高校腐败现状的研究,分析高校腐败的特点和变化趋势,进而提出高校腐败预防机制,为高校反腐倡廉建设的创新和发展提供理论参考。     

Catastrophe Risk Models for Evaluating Disaster Risk Reduction Investments in Developing Countries

Major natural disasters in recent years have had high human and economic costs, and triggered record high postdisaster relief from governments and international donors. Given the current economic situation worldwide, selecting the most effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures is critical. This is especially the case for low‐ and middle‐income countries, which have suffered disproportionally more economic and human losses from disasters. This article discusses a methodology that makes use of advanced probabilistic catastrophe models to estimate benefits of DRR measures. We apply such newly developed models to generate estimates for hurricane risk on residential structures on the island of St. Lucia, and earthquake risk on residential structures in Istanbul, Turkey, as two illustrative case studies. The costs and economic benefits for selected risk reduction measures are estimated taking account of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. We conclude by emphasizing the advantages and challenges of catastrophe model‐based cost‐benefit analyses for DRR in developing countries.     

清末奉天万国鼠疫研究会考论

奉天万国鼠疫研究会是在清政府应对1910年末到1911年初东北三省鼠疫过程中,认识到亟须向国外学习先进的防控经验的前提下召开的。会议由中国倡议并主办,共有来自12个国家的34位正式代表参加。从1911年4月3日（三月初五日）至4月28日（三月三十日）在奉天（今沈阳）召开,其间共举行大会24次,形成决议45项,确定了许多国际通行的防疫准则,为此后的国际防疫合作奠定了基础;同时,这次国际会议也大大推动了中国近代公共防疫事业的发展。奉天万国鼠疫研究会是由清政府主办的中国近代史上第一次国际学术会议。     

基于solaris平台的DNS服务器侦测和阻止DOS攻击的实现

DNS服务器所面临的威胁集中表现出了互连网的脆弱性,针对DNS服务器的拒绝服务攻击是DNS服务器面临的最大威胁.提出了一种针对查询攻击进行侦测和阻止的思路,并且在solaris的平台上用perl语言来实现,能够保证DNS服务器有效地抵御常规攻击,为正常用户提供及时的服务.同时,本文也对伪造源IP的分布式拒绝服务攻击提出了一种解决方案.     

One or Two Session Psychotherapy with University Students

Abstract

One or two session psychotherapy has a long history, and well-known practitioners have made use of it. Favorable results have been reasonably well documented. Often it has been done out of necessity, less frequently because all were satisfied that it sufficed. Problems that lend themselves to one or two sessions are: psychological work which has already been done but for which affirmation is sought, requests for diagnostic evaluation, and less often but more challenging, intrapsychic conflict requiring uncovering work. Patient characteristics and therapist attitudes are discussed. For one or two sessions of treatment to occur the therapist must be alert to the possibility, must assess quickly when a case is in hand, set the process in motion, and determine a satisfactory stopping point. It is suggested that the college population lends itself especially well to one or two sessions of psychotherapy, not only from the standpoint of the limited resources of many student health services but also for the ego strengthening potential it provides.     

Ethnicity versus Ethnic Identity: What Predicts Substance Use Norms and Behaviors?

ABSTRACT

Although researchers often incorporate various measures of ethnicity and ethnic identity (EI) into research about substance use, the relationships among ethnicity, EI, and substance use remain unclear (Marsiglia, Kulis, & Hecht, 2001; Phinney, 1996). This paper explores whether ethnicity and three EI instruments are useful in predicting substance use outcomes among three samples of ethnically diverse middle school youth. Findings include that age, gender, and/or racial or ethnic group membership influenced the strength of EI and that age, sex, and strength of EI influence substance use norms and behaviors. In each case where significant effects were obtained, a stronger sense of EI as measured by two of the instruments predicted more negative attitudes toward, and less use of, alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. Implications for preventing substance use among middle school youth by building on and strengthening ethnic identity are provided.     

监狱行刑目的之层次剖析

监狱行刑目的应是刑罚目的的具体体现，具体的内容包括报应目的、特殊预防目的和罪犯回归社会目的。报应目的是人类历史上刑罚产生根本原因和刑罚属性在监狱行刑中的体现；特殊预防包含着现代刑罚理念的合理元素，是对人权的尊重和人本主义的提倡；罪犯回归社会是社会和谐的根本，是整个社会的切实愿望，也是监狱行刑的终极目的。三目的相互衔接，前一目的为后一目的的手段，后一目的为前一目的之实现提供方向，形成了平衡与和谐的监狱行刑目的的统一整体。     

A Campus-community Coalition to Control Alcohol-related Problems Off Campus: An Environmental Management Case Study

Abstract

The authors report on the effects of a university and community coalition in preventing problems related to college students' off-campus drinking. The Albany, New York, Committee on University and Community Relations used strategies based on an environmental-management approach that focuses on changing the environment in which individuals make decisions about alcohol consumption and related behaviors. Committee initiatives included improving enforcement of local laws and ordinances, creating a safety-awareness campaign for off-campus students, and developing a comprehensive advertising and beverage-service agreement with local tavern owners. The initiatives were associated with a decline in the number of alcohol-related problems in the community, as indicated by decreases in the number of off-campus noise ordinance reports filed by police and the number of calls to a university-maintained hotline for reporting off-campus problems. An environmental management approach, the authors suggest, has promise as an effective means of preventing alcohol-related problems among college students.     

Does compassion go viral? Social media,caring, and the Fort McMurray wildfire

ABSTRACT

In May 2016, an enormous wildfire threatened the city of Fort McMurray, Alberta and forced the evacuation of all of the city’s residents. Outpourings of support teemed in from all across Canada and over the world, prompting the largest charitable response in Canadian Red Cross history. This paper examines Albertans’ response to the wildfire by exploring caring and helping behaviors as well as the role of social media in facilitating these remarkable charitable efforts. The paper uses mixed methods including an analysis of the most popular Tweets related to the wildfire and an Alberta survey collected months after the disaster. The analysis of tweets reveals that care, concern, and invitations to help were prominent in social media discourse about the wildfire. The analysis of survey data demonstrates that those who followed news about the wildfire on social media express higher overall levels of care and concern for those affected, which led to helping those impacted by the wildfire. The findings provide important insights about the role of social media in disaster relief and recovery as well as citizens’ civic engagement.