风尚犯除罪化研究

社会的巨大变迁使人们对部分风尚犯的存在价值提出质疑，对风尚犯价值评价的基础在于：首先要明确风尚犯的概念，通过解析其特征展示其内涵，进而对古今中外关于风尚犯的法律规制进行评说。文章提出了我国当前对刑法中部分风尚犯除罪化的理论和现实理由，试图为我国的理论界与司法界设立一个新视点。     

A multiple model discrimination procedure

The case of selecting between a set of fixed models is considered. The true model is assumed to be contained in the set of proposed models and errors are taken to be normally distributed. A sequential procedure which yeilds probabilities of incorrect selections is proposed. The procedure is shown to have optimal properties and is extended to the estimated model case by a bootstrap procedure.     

Teaching Causation in History

Social studies teachers have an obligation to help students grapple with and thoughtfully examine controversial issues, often in a contemporary context. One such issue is the U.S. use of unmanned aerial vehicles, generally known as drones. Whether for surveillance purposes or military missions, the use of drones by the U.S. government has preceded the development of clearly articulated policy guidelines. This article examines the use of drones in U.S. policy, the argument for and against their deployment, and the manner in which social studies educators may effectively teach their students about such a complex, challenging topic. Toward that end, the article also advocates for the use of an ethical and analytical framework, the “just war” doctrine, which can assist students in critiquing how drones are used, under what conditions, and the social impact that may entail.     

Bayesian estimation of multidimensional item response theory model using gibbs sampling

We propose Bayesian parameter estimation in a multidimensional item response theory model using the Gibbs sampling algorithm. We apply this approach to dichotomous responses to a questionnaire on sleep quality. The analysis helps determine the underlying dimensions.     

当代阿拉伯裔美国人——歧视与反歧视

阿拉伯裔美国人主要由两批移民组成,他们在美国遭遇了不同程度的歧视和不公。通过不懈的奋斗,他们在美国社会的政治地位有所提高,但遭受歧视的状况并没得到根本改变。9·11又给他们带来严峻考验,可以说,他们在追求平等的路上才迈出了第一步。     

语言歧视的偏见——歧视男性的言语现象之探索

男女话语差异一直受到语言学家的关注。语言歧视是其中一个重要的研究话题。长期以来，社会语言学家注重女性是言语歧视的受害者，并结合女性社会地位和女权主义运动，试图寻找可以诠释的原因。此研究方法虽然行之有效，却忽略了语言现象的另外一个对立面：人类语言当中还存在着相当一部分歧视男性的成分。性别歧视不应该囿于女性的范围，更应该从男性的角度重新去审视性别歧视这一现象。     

“动态镜头”、“运动镜头”、“运动摄像”及相关概念辨析

在关于电视画面运动的讨论中，有好几个概念都存在彼此牵连、界定不清的问题。为了廓清思路，更好地指导实践，可从拍摄的角度起用一个新概念——“固定拍摄”，以便与传统的“运动摄像”概念形成呼应；从后期剪辑的角度，则可以起用一对新概念——“静态镜头”和“动态镜头”，以适应观众对画面的把握方式；同时，对传统的一对概念“固定镜头”和“运动镜头”相应地需要进行更准确的定位和把握。最后，对与“运动摄像”相关的一系列容易让人误解的传统概念、术语也进行了更为细致的辨别。     

从社会性别视角透析女大学生遭遇性骚扰

运用社会性别视角对女大学生遭遇性骚扰现象进行研究,可以看到,男权文化将女性(女大学生)当作性的客体,通讯的发达使得性骚扰载体多样化,女大学生主体意识的缺乏为性骚扰者提供可乘之机是女大学生遭遇性骚扰的深层原因。要防范女大学生遭遇性骚扰,必须消除社会文化中的性别歧视,用法律的武器禁止和杜绝性骚扰现象,女大学生自身也要培植警觉意识,学会自我保护。     

Shortage of girls in China today

China has the most severe shortage of girls compared to boys of any country in the world today, as documented by China's surveys and censuses up to 2000. This article evaluates data on sex ratios in China since before the founding of the People's Republic, and shows that the relative dearth of girls has become more extreme during the last two decades, and that the problem is real and not merely due to undercounting of girls. Daughters are lost primarily through sex-selective abortion, secondly through excess female infant mortality, and thirdly through neglect or mistreatment of girls up to age three, in cities as well as rural areas. Until recently, the dearth of girls was confined to second or higher-order births, but now couples in some provinces are using sex-selective abortions for first births. Maps show the geographical concentration of life-threatening discrimination against girls and its spread over time. Son preference, low fertility and technology combine to cause the loss of daughters in China today and compulsory family planning and the one-child policy exacerbate the problem. The discussion includes what the People's Republic of China has done to ameliorate life-threatening discrimination against girls and what further steps might be taken to improve the situation.     

Adolescent Peer Groups and Social Identity

This study investigated processes by which adolescents form positive evaluations of their peer groups. One‐hundred and fifteen male and female adolescents aged 14–15 years made a series of comparisons between their own peer group (the ingroup) and a group of which they were not a member (the outgroup). In line with the predictions of social identity theory ( Tajfel and Turner, 1979 ), participants behaved consistently in ways which favoured the ingroup: compared to the outgroup, the ingroup was associated to a greater extent with positive characteristics (e.g. being fun, nice, and honest) and to a lesser extent with negative characteristics (e.g. being ignorant, unfriendly, and boring). Their responses were also related to levels of identification with the ingroup: at higher levels of identification participants reported more favourable evaluations of their groups. These findings extend earlier research and show how the benefits derived from group membership in adolescence are in part realised through intergroup processes.