原生与创生：本体论情势下价值生成的两种方式

学界关于＂普世价值＂和＂价值论转向＂的眷顾,使价值问题成为关注的焦点,而价值来源的讨论又是焦点中的热点。从价值论起步那天起,该问题的讨论就从未停止,时至今日,它仍未达成共识,这其中自然有本身复杂的因素,但也有传统影响的原因。价值的属人性和主体性特征,很容易让人产生其是主观唯心主义的误会。因此价值来源是一个需要严肃对待和不容放松的的问题。在本体论境遇的视野下,从原生和创生两条路径阐释价值的来源及其表现,能准确展明价值来源的静态之面和动态之面。     

Vital Conversations with Family in the Nursing Home: Preparation for End-Stage Dementia Care

Family members of persons with advanced dementia may be asked to make complex treatment decisions without having adequate knowledge regarding the risks and benefits. This 6-month, prospective, randomized trial tested the effect of an intervention consisting of a face-to-face, structured conversation about end-of-life care options with family members of nursing home residents with advanced dementia. A comparison group received only social contact via telephone. Structured conversations between a palliative care team and intervention group family members included goals of care and how best to achieve those goals, and provision of psychosocial support. Psychosocial support was also provided via telephone at three 2-month intervals. Family members participated in three telephone interviews: baseline, 3, and 6 months. Specific advance directives for persons with dementia were extracted from medical records. Results showed that intervention families had higher satisfaction with care than comparison families at the 6-month time point, and they were more likely to have decided on medical options listed in residents' advance directives (Do Not Resuscitate, Intubate, Hospitalize) over time. Study findings reinforce the need for increased education and support for families around issues of end-of-life care decisions for advanced dementia.     

地市级测绘管理发展浅析

作者对照新的《测绘法》对地市级测绘管理存在的问题进行了剖析,对如何依法建立统一的测绘基准和系统,建立测绘项目许可制度和城市基础地理信息系统,加强地市级测绘管理,切实履行政府职能,为社会提供基础测绘保障,以适应城市基础地理信息产业的发展和建设“数字城市”对测绘产品的需求,更好地服务于地方国民经济建设与社会发展,提出了新的思路和观点。     

The notion of character friendship and the cultivation of virtue

Most theories about virtue cultivation fall under the general umbrella of the role model approach, according to which virtue is acquired by emulating role models, and where those role models are usually conceived of as superior in some relevant respect to the learners. I argue that although we need role models to cultivate virtue, we also need good and close relationships with people who are not our superiors. The overemphasis on role models is misguided and misleading, and a good antidote draws on the Aristotelian concept of character friendship. Character friendship (a) constitutes a unique form of experience in which we share a substantial way of seeing with a close other; (b) facilitates a unique form of knowledge, the knowledge of a particular person (my‐self and the other's self); (c) develops other emotions important for virtue cultivation besides admiration, such as love, shame, trust, and hope; and (d) is a praxis in which cooperative interactions and discussions function as a bridge between habituation of virtue at home and the public life. Character friendship provides necessary elements for human cultivation of virtue that the sole experience of having a role model does not.