A theory of age exclusion through closure: ‘Chronological age’ to ‘clinical need’

In an approach, I term ‘age exclusion through closure,’ I describe the exclusion of older people, from the workforce, and from hospital-based continuing care in Britain. Nineteenth century socioeconomic changes—the introduction of workplace technology, social surveys, the New Poor Law, and workhouse isolation, culminated in workforce exclusion on the grounds of chronological age. In the 20th century, the Poor Law ‘therapy’/‘succour’ divide, was recast in the Welfare State ‘health’/‘social care’ divide. Socioeconomic changes—the rising cost of health care, demographic change, the development of geriatric medicine, and economic restructuring, have served to allocatively ration ‘continuing care’ at this interface through the criteria of ‘clinical need.’ To conclude, age has become forged to clinical need, to become a formidable force of exclusion and exploitation perpetuating Poor Law closure between those ‘able’ and ‘unable’ to work, and creating a consequent ‘process of subordination’ within Welfare State capitalism.     

浅析体育教学中学习动机的激发

学生体育学习动机是随着体育学习需要本身的变动和学生对体育的认识发展而变动的,体育学习动机一旦形成,可以使学生对所学内容有一定的指向性,即有主动积极的态度、对体育学习的兴趣等,因此,只有培养和激发学生的学习动机,才能调动学生参与体育学习的积极性和主动性。     

浙江省MTI学位教育与翻译产业需求研究

MTI是为了满足市场对应用型高层次翻译人才的需求而专设的硕士专业学位,其职业性和市场导向性非常明确。选取杭州、绍兴、宁波、温州、义乌五市多家翻译公司、外贸公司和与翻译业务相关的企事业单位作为调查对象,通过登门采访、电话采访、电邮咨询、邮寄问卷等方式收集数据,对数据进行梳理、比较,分析浙江翻译市场的现状和问题,探讨浙江省MTI翻译教育如何与翻译市场接轨,提出相应的对策和解决方案。     

境外生纪录片：民间记录和传播中国影像的宝贵力量

当代中国对世界的吸引力在不断加强,中国对外传播也呈现出一种开放与包容的姿态。由于境外生身份的特殊性,他们拍摄有关中国题材的纪录片有自己独特的视角和独立精神。进入新世纪以来,境外生纪录片创作有了新的变化,数字产品和技术的提升为境外生纪录片提供了多元化的拍摄形态,全媒体传播为境外生纪录片走向世界拓宽了渠道,境外生与境内生的互动结合使得境外生纪录片更加丰富多彩。我们应当重视并正确引导境外生的纪录片创作,通过他们对中国的记录和传播,增加国际社会对中国的全面了解。境外生是中国非常宝贵的民间对外传播力量。     

外在幸福与内在幸福——关于幸福内涵的一点探索

文章对幸福的内涵作了新颖的探索,认为幸福是外在幸福与内在幸福的统一体,外在幸福是指主体所欲求的对象或目标的满足,从满足内容上可分为生理的幸福、安全的幸福、爱与归属的幸福、尊重的幸福和自我实现的幸福,从实现满足的途径上可分为事业、爱情、亲情、友情、闲暇和自我六个方面的幸福。内在幸福则是因这种满足状况而产生的良好的精神状态,分情绪、认知和境界三个层次的幸福。最终决定内在幸福的是主体的自我,自我分肉体自我与精神自我,精神自我在追求外在幸福时,反映为外向性自我;在主导内在幸福时,反映为内向性自我。自我幸福是外在幸福与内在幸福的交汇点,是人生幸福的根本。     

《极地》的空间叙事研究

以西藏题材人文纪录片1位人物形象,给观众全景式地再现了西藏人民生活的朴实、勇敢、纯粹、乐观、和谐。自然之美、和谐之美所表达的是人性的美好。     

Vicarious ostracism and control in young children

After observing ostracism or social exclusion, older children, adolescents and adults report decreased satisfaction of the need for control. Attempting to regain control can motivate aggression in ostracized adults. Research has shown that the onset of ostracism’s harmful effects on children’s behavior is at preschool age. We investigated whether preschoolers would exert more control after witnessing ostracism. A sample of 53 children (Mage = 5 years, 5 months) first watched priming videos either showing ostracism or not. Subsequently, they participated in two ball games. In both of the games (order counterbalanced), children could control the flow of a ball’s motion, either live between two people (i.e., social control) or between two bars on a laptop screen (i.e., non‐social control). Overall, children understood social exclusion when it was displayed in the videos. We found an effect of observed ostracism only on social control. Four‐ to five‐year‐old boys who witnessed ostracism stopped a ball game between two persons longer than boys who did not witness ostracism. Our results suggest that observing social exclusion elevates young boys’ need for control over a social situation. Girls showed a different pattern but their responses did not differ significantly between ostracism and non‐ostracism conditions.     

Formal and Informal Community Care to Older Adults: Comparative Analysis of the United States and Great Britain

Support to frail elders is of international and growing importance. This article compared receipt of assistance with ADL limitations, home health help, any assistance received, and unmet needs in functionally impaired individuals aged 70 years old or older in the United States (n = 1847, 80% women, M _age = 80 years) and Great Britain (n = 1203, 57% women, M _age = 78 years). Informal and formal assistance levels were higher in Great Britain, and rates of unmet need did not differ across ADL domains measured. Receipt of formal and informal care were associated positively, which is consistent with both supplementary and complementary perspectives on the formal-informal care interface. Few individuals in either country received formal services alone. Results suggest that community-based formal support does not substitute for family help. Implications for family and economic policy are discussed.     

人文精神与纪录片文化景观

人文精神作为纪录片文化的内在灵魂,渗透于各种文化形态之中。然而在当代,纪录片文化中的人文精神正在被各种混杂的价值取向所遮蔽,人文精神遭遇了边缘恪守和中心遮蔽的尴尬状态。本文立足中国传统儒家人文精神和隐逸人文精神,分析了它们与纪录片文化景观之间的关系,并提出应该力图探索人文精神在当代社会的新形态。     

编导意识在纪录片中的作用

纪录片之所以有魅力,是因为它＂真实＂,而且可以融进编导的思考。在纪录片创作过程中,充分运用富有个性化的主体意识,能够更加充分地挖掘被拍摄对象自身的价值、内涵,使纪录片既真实又富有艺术感,从而进一步体现纪录片的价值。