Discovering hidden statistical issues through individual-level models in ecological studies

ABSTRACT

In ecological studies, individual inference is made based on results from ecological models. Interpretation of the results requires caution since ecological analysis on group level may not hold in the individual level within the groups, leading to ecological fallacy. Using an ecological regression example for analyzing voting behaviors, we highlight that the explicit use of individual-level models is crucial in understanding the results of ecological studies. In particular, we clarify three relevant statistical issues for each individual-level models: assessment of the uncertainty of parameter estimates obtained from a wrong model, the use of shrinkage estimation method for simultaneous estimation of many parameters, and the necessity of sensitivity analysis rather than adhering to one seemingly most compelling assumption.     

地铁对城市现代化的影响

地铁是城市发展现代化的一个重要标志。本文分析了国内外城市地铁的构建、运营以及地铁在城市化进程中的作用，进而系统阐释了地铁对广州城市发展、社会生活及生态环境的影响和意义。     

基于社区视角下的农村环境管理探讨

市场机制对农村环境管理具有灵活性、低成本性,但是由于环境问题的外部性,市场失灵容易发生.运用政府管制手段可以加强环境管理的公平性,但是由于环境治理的政府主导型特征,政府失灵容易发生.社区作为介于政府与市场之间的第三部门,可以运用其独特的社会资本参与环境管理,以其自身所具有的灵活性、低成本性、信息优势和高效性,克服市场失灵和政府失灵现象.     

社会主义生态文明建设的重要内容: 生态消费模式

当前，我国消费伴随着经济的快速发展日益被异化为“病态式消费”模式，这使得国民经济的协调发展遭到了严重破坏，甚至生态系统也面临着崩溃的危险。我国新富群体缺乏正确的消费观念，加上西方消费主义影响，引发了诸多的社会问题。实践证明，只有树立正确的消费观念、克制消费欲望、调整消费行为，才能建立生态消费模式，才能符合社会主义生态文明的要求，实现人与自然的协调发展。     

高校学生公寓文明建设的现状与对策研究

文章指出了目前高校学生公寓文明建设存在的问题及原因,提出对策建议。     

江苏省宿迁市耕地生态足迹初探

运用生态足迹模型和相关统计年鉴数据，计算了宿迁市2006年的耕地生态足迹。结果表明：2006年宿迁市耕地生态足迹为0.73332hm2/人，而耕地生态承载力为0.38504hm2/人，生态赤字为0.34828hm2/人，这说明宿迁市的耕地利用已经超出了生态承载力的范围，处于不可持续发展的状态。     

Inappropriate Comparisons: The LGB Population's Missing Reference Group

ABSTRACT

Given that many professional organizations emphasize the need for comparing assessment results to appropriate reference groups in their codes of ethics, we consider this practice through an ecological perspective as it applies to the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) population. The purpose of norming and types of assessment bias is discussed with respect to LGB population, which frequently lack specific norming data. The authors discuss whether the LGB population has characteristics similar to other commonly normed for groups and explore how group-shared constructs such as minority stress and internalized homophobia may introduce bias and affect the validity of assessments. A social anxiety assessment as well as a personality disorder inventory are examined for bias as case examples explaining how these assessments may exhibit bias when used with the LGB population. Increases in validity and effects on treatment planning are discussed as benefits of providing LGB-specific norms. Risks of providing these norms, such as minimizing subgroup differences and possibly increasing the risk of discrimination are also addressed before providing clinicians with recommendations as to how they may minimize the risk of bias in their assessment process.     

世界体系与中国文明复兴

自20世纪70年代以来，全球化的历史语境推动了四次大的文明复兴运动，其中中国文明的复兴是极为重要而独特的。中国文明是人文文明，其基本特征是以辩证理性为指导，与多元文明相融合的创新精神。中国文明的复兴将对世界产生重要作用。     

论丸山真男的理论困境及其日本主义

丸山真男在《日本政治思想史研究》一书中,运用西方理论研究日本古代思想史,引发了其理论上的两难困境。他将这种困境产生的原因归结为成书的时代背景和写作动机上,即为了反对＂二战＂期间狂热的日本主义＂超越近代论＂,对抗法西斯主义。而韩东育的研究表明,丸山真男并未真正摆脱日本主义的束缚,在其思想中潜伏着另一种学理上的日本主义。然而,无论是法西斯分子的日本主义,还是丸山真男的日本主义,都根植于日本的周边文明性格。     

论磁州窑诗词的生态智慧书写

本文运用生态美学原理,从磁州窑诗词生态叙事、生态意境、生态精髓等方面阐释磁州窑诗词绿色写作中蕴涵的生态智慧,以期开拓磁州窑诗词研究的新视野。