浅议生态环境的伦理观

通过对认识和建立科学生态环境的伦理观的必要性分析 ,突出阐述了科学的生态观、价值观和消费观的涵义 ,力求为生态环境保护提供新思维。     

Challenge of multi-level governance in developing countries and possible GIS applications

Of the three most prominent issues in governance discourse—the horizontal coordination of markets, government hierarchies and networks, global governance and multi-level governance—this paper argues that the last, developing and sustaining structures of multi-level governance, constitutes the most profound governance challenge for most developing countries.The paper identifies the major forces promoting change in favor of multi-level governance in developing countries. Using the growing literature and comparative national experiences (illustrated with the examples of India, the Philippines, Colombia and Nigeria), it highlights the key achievements of democratic decentralization as well as its nagging problems in these countries. Finally, the paper demonstrates the significance of these developments for democracy and development in these countries and shows some of the ways by which external partners—especially experts associated with the Geographic Information Systems for Developing Countries can assist and possibly benefit from this process.     

'Polyphonic' welfare: Luhmann's systems theory applied to modern social work

This article applies a series of concepts from Niklas Luhmann's systems theory in an analysis of modern welfare organisations. The point of departure is that social help in late modern welfare states has become 'polycentric' in that 'help' is today being defined by various different agents: public, voluntary and private care providers. Empirically, this article investigates re-housing work with homeless people, a kind of social work which involves several different welfare organisations. The case study shows how these organisations define themselves by making internal constructions of their surroundings, and how their self-enclosed nature creates a certain 'insensitivity' towards one another. How to coordinate and translate within this 'polyphony' of incomparable observations and values represents a major managerial challenge for present-day social workers.     

生态文明建设与先进生产力发展

生态文明是人类发展的必由之路。建设生态文明是实施科学发展的必然要求，而生态文明建设对生产力发展提出了新的先进性要求。在生态文明语境中，先进性不但体现了高水平，还代表着正确的发展方向。生产力发展必须顺应生态文明进步趋势，才能保有全面的先进性。     

借鉴美国西部开发教训谈我国西部生态环境制度建设

西部大开发中的生态环境对整个大开发战略有着深刻的影响,应借鉴美国西部开发的教训,树立新的资源观和发展观,制定出一系列关于西部地区生态环境重建的制度措施。     

Fast retraction of evidence in a probabilistic expert system

We present and justify a propagation algorithm to facilitate the simultaneous calculation, for every node in a probabilistic exper system of the distribution of the associated random quantity, conditional on all the evidence obtained about the remaining nodes.     

非洲的人口增长与生态环境退化

本文分析了本世纪50年代以来,非洲人口的迅猛增长导致可耕地缩小、人均粮食产量下降、燃料匮乏等经济生活问题,指出目前为克服上述经济生活问题而采取的缩短轮垦周期、扩大种植面积、砍伐森林、牧场牲畜过载等手段引起了生态系统的失衡和退化。非洲的现状提示人类为寻求良好的生活环境,必须很好地保护生态系统,其中控制人口的发展使之与生态系统保持和谐关系是保护生态系统的一个重要方面。     

具有反馈控制的Logistic扩散系统周期解的存在与稳定

利用上下解，Ｂｒｏｕｗｅｒ不动点原理及Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ泛函方法，讨论了一类具有反馈控制的Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ扩散系统的周期解问题；获得了周期解存在且稳定的判别条件．     

生态价值论视野下的循环经济

循环经济作为新的经济发展方式不仅建立在劳动价值论的基础上,而且体现了生态价值论的基本理念。在循环经济活动中人们以复杂劳动创造了价值,复杂劳动主要包括通过科技创新对工业工艺流程进行改造,通过系统工程协调工业布局。人们不仅在循环经济中创造了价值而且保护、节省和储存了生态价值,因为循环经济拓宽了自然资源的利用范围,提高了单位资源的产出率,降低了单位产品的资源消耗。传统工业经济发展的问题在于没有解决劳动价值和生态价值的平衡关系,对劳动价值的单一追求,意味着对生态价值的忽视,这是工业经济发展思路狭隘的致命之处。生态经济价值是循环经济富有特色的价值形态,体现了循环经济将劳动价值和生态价值兼顾和融合的特点,体现了经济发展方式的新视野即经济活动应该具有环境良好的出发点和落脚点。生态经济价值是在劳动价值与生态价值对立关系基础上实现统一关系的产物,体现了经济领域中的价值关系辩证法。     

“生态人”价值观新论

“生态人”价值观是一个新概念。“生态人”的价值观作为一种新的价值观体现为自然生态价值观和社会生态价值观两个方面。“生态人”价值观与生态价值观比较,并不是只多加了一个“人”字的问题,它具有生态价值观所无可比拟的新意。其新意表现在以下几个方面:一是对传统价值观革命性的否定;二是对解决生态问题的创新性意义;三是对人与自然和谐发展规律的深化性认识。